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数据库扩展中的垂直分区和水平分区与MySQL的分区不是一个概念。
垂直分区和水平分区是通过某种特定的条件将本该存放在同一数据库的数据分散存放到多个主机上的数据库中，已达到分散单台设备负载的效果。垂直分区和水平分区是数据库架构的一种手段，并不仅仅MySQL可以如此。
MySQL分区：数据库中的数据以文件的形式存在于磁盘上，拿MYISAM来举例，一张表主要对应着三个文件，一个是frm存放表结构的，一个是MYD存放表数据的，一个是MYI存表索引的。如果一张表的数据量太大的话，那么MYD,MYI就会变的很大，查找数据就会变的很慢，这个时候我们可以利用MySQL的分区功能，在物理上将这一张表对应的三个文件，分割成许多个小块，这样我们查找一条数据时，就不用全部查找了，只要知道这条数据在哪一块，然后在那一块找就行了。如果表的数据太大，可能一个磁盘放不下，这个时候，我们可以把数据分配到不同的磁盘里面去。
本文出自 “周天琪” 博客
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