bitsCN.com
我一直是使用mysql这个数据库软件,它工作比较稳定,效率也很高。在遇到严重性能问题时,一般都有这么几种可能:
1、索引没有建好;
2、sql写法过于复杂;
3、配置错误;
4、机器实在负荷不了;
1、索引没有建好
如果看到mysql消耗的cpu很大,可以用mysql的client工具来检查。
在linux下执行
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
输入密码,如果没有密码,则不用-p参数就可以进到客户端界面中。
看看当前的运行情况
show full processlist
可以多运行几次
这个命令可以看到当前正在执行的sql语句,它会告知执行的sql、数据库名、执行的状态、来自的客户端ip、所使用的帐号、运行时间等信息
在我的cache后端,这里面大部分时间是看不到显示任何sql语句的,我认为这样才算比较正常。如果看到有很多sql语句,那么这台mysql就一定会有性能问题
如果出现了性能问题,则可以进行分析:
1、是不是有sql语句卡住了?
这是出现比较多的情况,如果数据库是采用myisam,那么有可能有一个写入的线程会把数据表给锁定了,如果这条语句不结束,则其它语句也无法运行。
查看processlist里的time这一项,看看有没有执行时间很长的语句,要留意这些语句。
2、大量相同的sql语句正在执行
如果出现这种情况,则有可能是该sql语句执行的效率低下,同样要留意这些语句。
然后把你所怀疑的语句统统集合一下,用desc(explain)来检查这些语句。
首先看看一个正常的desc输出:
mysql> desc select * from imgs where imgid=1651768337;
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | imgs | const | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 8 | const | 1 | |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注意key、rows和Extra这三项,这条语句返回的结果说明了该sql会使用PRIMARY主键索引来查询,结果集数量为1条,Extra没有显示,证明没有用到排序或其他操作。由此结果可以推断,mysql会从索引中查询imgid=1651768337这条记录,然后再到真实表中取出所有字段,是很简单的操作。
作者“岭南六少的博客”

MySQL functions can be used for data processing and calculation. 1. Basic usage includes string processing, date calculation and mathematical operations. 2. Advanced usage involves combining multiple functions to implement complex operations. 3. Performance optimization requires avoiding the use of functions in the WHERE clause and using GROUPBY and temporary tables.

Efficient methods for batch inserting data in MySQL include: 1. Using INSERTINTO...VALUES syntax, 2. Using LOADDATAINFILE command, 3. Using transaction processing, 4. Adjust batch size, 5. Disable indexing, 6. Using INSERTIGNORE or INSERT...ONDUPLICATEKEYUPDATE, these methods can significantly improve database operation efficiency.

In MySQL, add fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameADDCOLUMNnew_columnVARCHAR(255)AFTERexisting_column, delete fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameDROPCOLUMNcolumn_to_drop. When adding fields, you need to specify a location to optimize query performance and data structure; before deleting fields, you need to confirm that the operation is irreversible; modifying table structure using online DDL, backup data, test environment, and low-load time periods is performance optimization and best practice.

Use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the execution plan of MySQL queries. 1. The EXPLAIN command displays the execution plan of the query to help find performance bottlenecks. 2. The execution plan includes fields such as id, select_type, table, type, possible_keys, key, key_len, ref, rows and Extra. 3. According to the execution plan, you can optimize queries by adding indexes, avoiding full table scans, optimizing JOIN operations, and using overlay indexes.

Subqueries can improve the efficiency of MySQL query. 1) Subquery simplifies complex query logic, such as filtering data and calculating aggregated values. 2) MySQL optimizer may convert subqueries to JOIN operations to improve performance. 3) Using EXISTS instead of IN can avoid multiple rows returning errors. 4) Optimization strategies include avoiding related subqueries, using EXISTS, index optimization, and avoiding subquery nesting.

Methods for configuring character sets and collations in MySQL include: 1. Setting the character sets and collations at the server level: SETNAMES'utf8'; SETCHARACTERSETutf8; SETCOLLATION_CONNECTION='utf8_general_ci'; 2. Create a database that uses specific character sets and collations: CREATEDATABASEexample_dbCHARACTERSETutf8COLLATEutf8_general_ci; 3. Specify character sets and collations when creating a table: CREATETABLEexample_table(idINT

To safely and thoroughly uninstall MySQL and clean all residual files, follow the following steps: 1. Stop MySQL service; 2. Uninstall MySQL packages; 3. Clean configuration files and data directories; 4. Verify that the uninstallation is thorough.

Renaming a database in MySQL requires indirect methods. The steps are as follows: 1. Create a new database; 2. Use mysqldump to export the old database; 3. Import the data into the new database; 4. Delete the old database.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

WebStorm Mac version
Useful JavaScript development tools

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),
