Golang error handling plan: detailed explanation of error type classification and handling techniques

Golang Error Handling Plan: Detailed explanation of error type classification and handling techniques

Introduction:

Error handling is a crucial aspect in programming. It helps us respond and handle in a timely manner when abnormal situations occur in the program. In Golang, error handling is designed as a manageable and clear mechanism to handle exceptions. This article will explore the error handling mechanism in Golang in detail, including error type classification and handling techniques, and provide specific code examples.

1. Classification of error types:

In Golang, errors can be divided into two categories: predictable errors and unpredictable errors.

1. Predictable Errors: This type of error is an error that can be predicted and processed through program logic, such as a file that does not exist, a network connection failure, etc. This type of error is usually returned using the errors.New() or errors.Errorf() methods that implement the error interface.

Code example:

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
)

func divide(a, b int) (int, error) {
    if b == 0 {
        return 0, errors.New("除数不能为0")
    }
    return a / b, nil
}

func main() {
    result, err := divide(10, 0)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("发生可预测错误：", err)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("计算结果为：", result)
    }
}

2. Unpredictable Errors: This type of error is usually caused by unforeseen exceptions such as system underlying errors and memory overflows. . In Golang, you can use the built-in panic() and recover() functions to handle such errors.

Code sample:

package main

import "fmt"

func recoverExample() {
    defer func() {
        if err := recover(); err != nil {
            fmt.Println("发生不可预测错误：", err)
        }
    }()
    // 模拟发生不可预测错误
    panic("意外错误")
}

func main() {
    recoverExample()
}

2. Processing skills:

1. Error chain: In Golang, you can use errors.Wrap() and errors. The Wrapf() method wraps the original error to form an error chain, making it easier to track the context in which the error occurred in the call chain.

Code example:

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/pkg/errors"
)

func innerFunc() error {
    return errors.New("内部函数发生错误")
}

func middleFunc() error {
    err := innerFunc()
    if err != nil {
        return errors.Wrap(err, "中间函数处理错误")
    }
    return nil
}

func main() {
    err := middleFunc()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("发生错误：", err)
    }
}

2. Custom error type: By customizing the error type, the code can be made clearer and maintainable, and at the same time, it can be added during the error handling process more information.

Code example:

package main

import (
    "errors"
    "fmt"
)

type CustomError struct {
    Msg string
    Code int
}

func (e CustomError) Error() string {
    return e.Msg
}

func process() error {
    return CustomError{Msg: "自定义错误", Code: 500}
}

func main() {
    if err := process(); err != nil {
        fmt.Println("发生自定义错误：", err)
    }
}

Conclusion:

This article introduces the error handling mechanism in Golang in detail, giving error classification, processing techniques and specific code Example. Reasonable error handling can improve the stability and maintainability of the program. I hope readers can make full use of the error handling mechanism provided by Golang and write more robust code.

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