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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial用shell脚本进行MySQL数据库定时备份_MySQL

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对任何一个已经上线的电子商务站点来说,数据备份都是必须的。无论版本更新还是服务器迁移,备份数据的重要性不言而喻。人工备份数据的方式不单耗费 大量时间和精力,还灰常不专业的说。于是,有了下面这段脚本的出现。参考了网上的很多教程,外加自己的测试,以下脚本经测试可用。 
 
    #!/bin/bash 
    #Shell Command For Backup MySQL Database Everyday Automatically By Crontab 
    #Author : Carlos Wong 
    #Date : 2012-03-17 
 
    #配置参数 
    USER=root #数据库用户名" >用户名 
    PASSWORD=××××× #数据库用户密码 
    DATABASE=TIENIUZAI    #数据库名称 
    WEBMASTER=tieniuzai@qq.com #管理员邮箱地址,用以发送备份失败消息提醒 
    BACKUP_DIR=/var/www/Data_Backup/topons/ #备份文件存储路径 
    LOGFILE=/var/www/Data_Backup/topons/data_backup.log #日记文件路径 
    DATE=`date ‘+%Y%m%d-%H%M’` #日期格式(作为文件名) 
    DUMPFILE=$DATE.sql #备份文件名 
    ARCHIVE=$DATE.sql.tgz #压缩文件名 
    OPTIONS=”-u$USER -p$PASSWORD –opt –extended-insert=false –triggers=false -R –hex-blob –flush-logs –delete-master-logs -B $DATABASE”  #mysqldump 参数 详情见帮助 mysqldump -help 
 
    #判断备份文件存储目录是否存在,否则创建该目录 
    if [ ! -d $BACKUP_DIR ] ; 
    then 
    mkdir -p “$BACKUP_DIR” 
    fi 
 
    #开始备份之前,将备份信息头写入日记文件 
    echo ” ” >> $LOGFILE 
    echo ” ” >> $LOGFILE 
    echo “———————————————–” >> $LOGFILE 
    echo “BACKUP DATE:” $(date +”%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S”) >> $LOGFILE 
    echo “———————————————– ” >> $LOGFILE 
 
    #切换至备份目录 
    cd $BACKUP_DIR 
    #使用mysqldump 命令备份制定数据库,并以格式化的时间戳命名备份文件 
    mysqldump $OPTIONS > $DUMPFILE 
    #判断数据库备份是否成功 
    if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then 
    #创建备份文件的压缩包 
    tar czvf $ARCHIVE $DUMPFILE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 
    #输入备份成功的消息到日记文件 
    echo “[$ARCHIVE] Backup Successful!” >> $LOGFILE 
    #删除原始备份文件,只需保 留数据库备份文件的压缩包即可 
    rm -f $DUMPFILE 
    else 
    echo “Database Backup Fail!” >> $LOGFILE 
 
    #备份失败后向网站管理者发送邮件提醒,需要mailutils或者类似终端下发送邮件工具的支持 
    #mail -s “Database:$DATABASE Daily Backup Fail” $WEBMASTER 
    fi 
    #输出备份过程结束的提醒消息 
    echo “Backup Process Done” 
 
使用: 
 
    将以上代码保存到: /usr/sbin/DataBackup     (文件名随意,只要不跟系统原有的命令同名即可;代码可以放到任何地方,放在sbin目录下只是为了方便执行,sbin目录下的文件/目录可在终端直接调 用,类似于windows下PATH变量指定的目录) 
    为脚本添加可执行权限:  sudo chmod +x  /usr/sbin/DataBackup 
    执行脚本: sudo  DataBackup 
    如果需要定时执行备份命令的,只需将下面这段代码放到crontab 文件(sudo vim /etc/crontab)中去就可以了: 
 
    01 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/DataBackup    #它代表着将于每天3点执行DataBackup脚本 
 
小注意一下下: 
 
    linux 下的shell脚本定义变量的格式为:  key=value  ,注意他们两者之间的” = “前后不能出现空格,否则系统无法确认该变量。 
    用红色标注的那行,第一个类似单引号的字符”`”其实不是单引号,它的输入键在键盘ESC键下方。 
    这个脚本只适合用于一些小站点的备份,因为它是对数据库进行全部备份而不是增量备份,不适合大容量的数据库备份。 
 
Update: 
 
2012-03-17  :  由于服务器上的MySQL配置文件里 的socket项值为 “/tmp/mysql.sock”, 而mysqldump在链接mysql server的时候会去查找位于/var/lib/mysql/目录下的mysql.sock文件。如果没有则会报错: 
 
    mysqldump: Got error: 2002: Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’ 
 
解决方法是:一是,修改mysql配置文件里的socket项的值为  ’/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’,不过这种方法需要重启mysql服务,很不厚道。 
 
二是,为/tmp/mysql.sock创建一个软链接到/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock: 
 
    ln  -s  /tmp/mysql.sock   /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 




作者 zhengdl126 bitsCN.com

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