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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL数据库迁移到PostgreSQL_MySQL

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查了不少资料,也尝试了一些,最后采用的办法如下:

1. 导出mysql表定义(无数据)
mysqldump --no-data [dbname] >dbdef.sql

2. 使用mysql2postgres把脚本转换为pgsql

3. 上面生成的脚本还不一定很完美,可以尝试导入pgsql,调试错误并手动修改之。我遇到的问题就只有一个,mysql列定义中的zerofill需要手工去掉。一些unsinged定义会生成constraint,如果不需要可以去掉。另外,trigger都有问题,只能后面手工重建

4. 导出mysql数据:
mysqldump -v -nt --complete-insert=TRUE --compact --no-create-info --skip-quote-names [dbname] >dbdata.sql
老一些版本的pgsql如果不支持批量插入的话还需要加上--extended-insert=FALSE,这个性能损失巨大。

5. 转义符
mysql默认字符串里的'/'是转义符,而pgsql默认不是,修改postgresql.conf:
backslash_quote = on
escape_string_warning = off
standard_conforming_strings = off
数据导入完成后可以改回默认值。

5. pgsql里导入表定义和数据
psql -d [dbname] psql -d [dbname]

6. 重建trigger

7. 自增主键(字段)的处理
由于导入数据时此字段都是有值的,所以pgsql里面seq并不会增加,可以用如下语句设置自增列的当前值:
SELECT setval('sample_id_seq',max(id)) from sample;

最后,如果数据量大,导入时考虑性能可以先把主键、索引、约束都去掉,导入完成后再加上。另外,psql客户端从管道导入数据似乎不够快,可以用tcp方式psql -h localhost ,还有一些为大数据量导入优化的参数,大概列一下:

autovacuum = off

wal_level = minimal

archive_mode = off

full_page_writes = off

fsync = off

checkpoint_segments = 50 
checkpoint_timeout = 1h

maintenance_work_mem视内存情况尽量大点


作者 RuralHunter

bitsCN.com

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