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MySQL之alter语句用法总结 1：删除列ALTER TABLE 【表名字】 DROP 【列名称】2：增加列ALTER TABLE 【表名字】 ADD 【列名称】 INT NOT NULL COMMENT '注释说明'3：修改列的类型信息ALTER TABLE 【表名字】 CHANGE 【列名称】【新列名称（这里可以用和原来列同名即可）】 BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT '注释说明'4：重命名列ALTER TABLE 【表名字】 CHANGE 【列名称】【新列名称】 BIGINT NOT NULL COMMENT '注释说明' 5：重命名表ALTER TABLE 【表名字】 RENAME 【表新名字】6：删除表中主键Alter TABLE 【表名字】 drop primary key7：添加主键ALTER TABLE sj_resource_charges ADD CONSTRAINT PK_SJ_RESOURCE_CHARGES PRIMARY KEY (resid,resfromid)8：添加索引ALTER TABLE sj_resource_charges add index INDEX_NAME (name);9: 添加唯一限制条件索引ALTER TABLE sj_resource_charges add unique emp_name2(cardnumber);10: 删除索引alter table tablename drop index emp_name; 作者 三尺之尚 bitsCN.com
Explain the role of InnoDB redo logs and undo logs.Apr 15, 2025 am 12:16 AMInnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.
What are the key metrics to look for in an EXPLAIN output (type, key, rows, Extra)?Apr 15, 2025 am 12:15 AMKey metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.
What is the Using temporary status in EXPLAIN and how to avoid it?Apr 15, 2025 am 12:14 AMUsingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB
Describe the different SQL transaction isolation levels (Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable) and their implications in MySQL/InnoDB.Apr 15, 2025 am 12:11 AMMySQL/InnoDB supports four transaction isolation levels: ReadUncommitted, ReadCommitted, RepeatableRead and Serializable. 1.ReadUncommitted allows reading of uncommitted data, which may cause dirty reading. 2. ReadCommitted avoids dirty reading, but non-repeatable reading may occur. 3.RepeatableRead is the default level, avoiding dirty reading and non-repeatable reading, but phantom reading may occur. 4. Serializable avoids all concurrency problems but reduces concurrency. Choosing the appropriate isolation level requires balancing data consistency and performance requirements.
MySQL vs. Other Databases: Comparing the OptionsApr 15, 2025 am 12:08 AMMySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.
How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance?Apr 14, 2025 am 12:18 AMMySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.
MySQL: Resources and Tutorials for New UsersApr 14, 2025 am 12:16 AMThe MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.
Real-World MySQL: Examples and Use CasesApr 14, 2025 am 12:15 AMMySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.
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