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解压缩版MySQL环境配置及入门 一、环境配置1、解压 mysql-noinstall-5.1.53-win32.zip,在此我解压到了E:/Language/Java/mysql-5.1.53-win32下。2、在根目录下创建my.ini,内容如下:[WinMySQLAdmin] # 指定mysql服务启动启动的文件Server=E://Language//Java//mysql-5.1.53-win32//bin//mysqld-nt.exe[mysqld]
# 设置mysql的安装目录 basedir=E://Language//Java//mysql-5.1.53-win32# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录,必须是data,或者是//xxx/data datadir=E://Language//Java//mysql-5.1.53-win32//data[client]# 设置mysql客户端的字符集default-character-set=utf8[mysqld] default-character-set=utf8 3、安装mysql服务(1) 配置环境变量在path变量中,添加 E:/Language/Java/mysql-5.1.53-win32/bin; (根据自己的安装目录)(2) 安装mysql服务打开DOS窗口 开始->运行 (快捷键:win+r) 输入cmd输入 mysqld --install mysql 回车,显示服务安装成功 (3) 启动mysql服务右击我的电脑->管理 点击 “服务与应用程序”下的“服务”,右击启动mysql服务或者在DOS窗口输入 net start mysql (4) 进入mysql控制台①ODBC用户登录:进入DOS窗口,输入 mysql,回车,即可连接mysql服务器 ②root用户登录:.输入 mysql –u root –p 解释: mysql -u 用户名 -p 密码, 输入密码,初始值为空,可不用输入 注:不指明用户等启用参数时,默认使用ODBC用户登录,而开发过程,我们一般使用root用户对数据库进行操作。select user(); 命令可显示当前登录用户 • 修改root用户密码: 为了保证数据安全性,为root用户添加密码,步骤如下: 1.use mysql; //选择mysql数据库2.update user set password=password(‘新密码’) where user=‘root’; //更改密码,如admin3.flush privileges; // 刷新系统权限表,更改 才生效提示:在DOS下,按动键盘的上下键,可以在历史命令中,快速切换 4、常用命令•查看所有数据库 show databases;•选择数据库 use mysql;对数据的增、删、改、查都是对于特定数据库而言的,在进行数据操作之前,必须先选定要操作的数据库。•查看数据库下的所有表 show tables;•创建数据库 create database 库名;
新创建的数据库保存在 data目录下。 方便宿舍->实验室 Copy •创建表 create table 表名 (字段设定列表);•执行sql脚本文件,批量操作 source “路径名”+/xxxx.sql; 注意:斜杠的方向 / 而不是 /•设置编码 set charset gbk;MySQL的命令行窗口显示中文,必须将编码设置为gbk,否则乱码!•查看字符集 show variables like 'character%'; 例子:连接MySQL后,在DOS下依次输入(1)create databases helloworld;(2)create table student( id int(10) primary key, number int(20) not null, name varchar(20) not null);(3)source E:/Language/Java/insert_student.sql注:insert_student.sql内容为insert into student values(4,411,'张三');insert into student values(2,222,'李四');insert into student values(3,333,'王五');(4)set charset gbk; (5)select * from student; 5、Navicat for MySQL命令行繁琐,不易记忆Navicat是一个MySQL数据库管理和开发工具,具有极好的图形用户界面。控制台窗口的命令,都可以转换成Navicat的操作。刚接触数据库,建议大家多用命令行操作。加深对SQL语句的理解,为将来数据库课程的学习提供帮助。
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ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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