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一、前言自MySQL5.1.6起,增加了一个非常有特色的功能–事件调度器(Event Scheduler),可以用做定时执行某些特定任务(例如:删除记录、对数据进行汇总等等),来取代原先只能由操作系统的计划任务来执行的工作。更值得 一提的是MySQL的事件调度器可以精确到每秒钟执行一个任务,而操作系统的计划任务(如:Linux下的CRON或Windows下的任务计划)只能精 确到每分钟执行一次。对于一些对数据实时性要求比较高的应用(例如:股票、赔率、比分等)就非常适合。
事件调度器有时也可称为临时触发器(temporal triggers),因为事件调度器是基于特定时间周期触发来执行某些任务,而触发器(Triggers)是基于某个表所产生的事件触发的,区别也就在这里。 在使用这个功能之前必须确保event_scheduler已开启,可执行SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = 1;或SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = ON;来开启,也可以直接在启动命令加上“–event_scheduler=1”,例如:mysqld ... --event_scheduler=1 要查看当前是否已开启事件调度器,可执行如下SQL:SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'event_scheduler';或SELECT @@event_scheduler;或SHOW PROCESSLIST; 二、创建事件(CREATE EVENT)先来看一下它的语法:CREATE EVENT [IF NOT EXISTS] event_name ON SCHEDULE schedule [ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE] [ENABLE | DISABLE] [COMMENT 'comment'] DO sql_statement; schedule: AT TIMESTAMP [+ INTERVAL INTERVAL] | EVERY INTERVAL [STARTS TIMESTAMP] [ENDS TIMESTAMP] INTERVAL: quantity {YEAR | QUARTER | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE | WEEK | SECOND | YEAR_MONTH | DAY_HOUR | DAY_MINUTE | DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND} 1) 首先来看一个简单的例子来演示每秒插入一条记录到数据表USE test;CREATE TABLE aaa (timeline TIMESTAMP);CREATE EVENT e_test_insertON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 SECOND DO INSERT INTO test.aaa VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);等待3秒钟后,再执行查询看看:mysql> SELECT * FROM aaa;+---------------------+ | timeline | +---------------------+ | 2007-07-18 20:44:26 | | 2007-07-18 20:44:27 | | 2007-07-18 20:44:28 | +---------------------+ 2) 5天后清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE AT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;3) 2007年7月20日12点整清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE AT TIMESTAMP '2007-07-20 12:00:00'DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;4) 每天定时清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;5) 5天后开启每天定时清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYSTARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;
6) 每天定时清空test表,5天后停止执行:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYENDS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa; 7) 5天后开启每天定时清空test表,一个月后停止执行:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYSTARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYENDS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 MONTHDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]可以设置这个事件是执行一次还是持久执行,默认为NOT PRESERVE。8) 每天定时清空test表(只执行一次,任务完成后就终止该事件):CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVEDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;[ENABLE | DISABLE]可是设置该事件创建后状态是否开启或关闭,默认为ENABLE。[COMMENT 'comment']可以给该事件加上注释。 三、修改事件(ALTER EVENT)ALTER EVENT event_name [ON SCHEDULE schedule] [RENAME TO new_event_name] [ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE] [COMMENT 'comment'] [ENABLE | DISABLE] [DO sql_statement]1) 临时关闭事件ALTER EVENT e_test DISABLE;2) 开启事件ALTER EVENT e_test ENABLE;3) 将每天清空test表改为5天清空一次:ALTER EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 5 DAY; 四、删除事件(DROP EVENT)语法很简单,如下所示:DROP EVENT [IF EXISTS] event_name例如删除前面创建的e_test事件DROP EVENT e_test;当然前提是这个事件存在,否则会产生ERROR 1513 (HY000): Unknown event错误,因此最好加上IF EXISTSDROP EVENT IF EXISTS e_test;
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ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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