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MySQL索引简单分析_MySQL

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2016-06-01 13:39:151242browse

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创建2张用户表user、user2,表结构相同,但user表使用InnoDB存储引擎,而user2表则使用 MyISAM存储引擎。

-- Table "user" DDLCREATE TABLE `user` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  `email` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,  `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,  `nickname` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),  UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),  KEY `name` (`name`),  KEY `age` (`age`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;-- Table "user2" DDLCREATE TABLE `user2` (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  `email` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,  `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,  `nickname` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),  UNIQUE KEY `email` (`email`),  KEY `name` (`name`),  KEY `age` (`age`)) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=131610 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

分别插入10W条测试数据到表user & user2。

<?php $example = array(    '@qq.com',     '@sina.com.cn',     '@163.com',    '@126.com',    '@gmail.com',    '@yahoo.com',    '@live.com',    '@msn.com',    '@cisco.com',    '@microsoft.com',    '@ibm.com',    '@apple.com');$con = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "your_mysql_password");mysql_select_db("index_test", $con);//添加10W测试数据到表 user & user2for($i=0; $i<100000; $i++){    $temp = md5(uniqid());    $name = substr($temp, 0, 16);    $email = substr($temp, 8, 12).$example[array_rand($example, 1)];    $age = rand(18, 99);    $nickname = substr($temp, 16, 16);        mysql_query("INSERT INTO user(name,email,age,nickname) VALUES('$name','$email',$age,'$nickname')");    mysql_query("INSERT INTO user2(name,email,age,nickname) VALUES('$name','$email',$age,'$nickname')");}mysql_close($con); echo 'success';?>

 

对索引的使用分析

Explain Select * from user where id>100 /G;

图1

Explain Select * from user2 where id>100 /G;

图2

User 表中的数据和 User2 表中的数据是一样的,索引结构也是一样的,只不过它们的存储引擎不同。在图1中,查询用到了PRIMARY主键索引,而查询优化器预估的结果大概在65954行左右(实际是131513);在图2中,查询却没有使用索引,而是全表扫描了,返回的预估结果在131608行(实际是131509)。

Explain Select * from user where id>100 and age>50 /G;

图3

Explain Select * from user where id>100 and age=50 /G;

图4

Explain Select * from user2 where id>100 and age>50 /G;

图5

Explain Select * from user2 where id>100 and age=50 /G;

图6

 


 

分享一个不错的博客,《理解MySQL--索引和优化》

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