bitsCN.com
三四年没有安装过mysql+apache+PHP的环境了,我以前是做银行性能测试外包服务的,在甲方开发中心遇到这样环境的项目也比较少,大多是WebLogic/WebSphere+Oracle/DB2架构的大型系统。涉足电商行业方面的项目,不得不再去温故那些几乎遗忘的IIS、apache、MSsql、mysql等环境。
平台:VMware上虚拟的centos4.7
宿主机:windows
安装mysql前准备:
1、检查该环境中是否已安装mysql,检查方法:netstat –ano命令查看mysql默认端口3306是否存在;或者再命令行中执行mysql
2、下载mysql安装包
在http://www.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/#downloads下载mysql安装包:
MySQL-server-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
MySQL-client-5.5.28-1.linux2.6.i386.rpm
使用rpm –ivh命令来安装mysql,这里不说啦。
先来了解一下mysql数据库默认的一些主要目录:
1、数据库目录 /var/lib/mysql/
2、配置文件 /usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置文件)
3、相关命令 /usr/bin (mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
4、启动脚本 /etc/rc.d/init.d/(启动脚本文件mysql的目录)
安装后通过netstat –ano命令查看mysql默认端口3306是否存在,如果不存在,按下面的方法启动mysql服务。
启动mysql服务:
[root@localhostmysql]# pwd/usr/share/mysql[root@localhostmysql]# ./mysql.server startStartingMySQL...[ 确定 ][root@localhostmysql]# netstat -anoActiveInternet connections (servers and established)ProtoRecv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State Timertcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN off (0.00/0/0)[root@localhostmysql]# mysqlWelcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with; or /g.YourMySQL connection id is 1Serverversion: 5.5.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright(c) 2000, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle isa registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates.Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>mysql>
启动与停止
1、启动
MySQL安装完成后启动文件mysql在/etc/init.d目录下,在需要启动时运行下面命令即可。
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
2、停止
[root@localhost mysql] # /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
3、自动启动
1)察看mysql是否在自动启动列表中
[root@localhost mysql] # /sbin/chkconfig –list
2)把MySQL添加到你系统的启动服务组里面去
[root@localhost mysql] # /sbin/chkconfig – add mysql
3)把MySQL从启动服务组里面删除。
[root@localhost mysql] # /sbin/chkconfig – del mysqlbitsCN.com

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL statements in MySQL for improving performance and simplifying complex operations. 1. Improve performance: After the first compilation, subsequent calls do not need to be recompiled. 2. Improve security: Restrict data table access through permission control. 3. Simplify complex operations: combine multiple SQL statements to simplify application layer logic.

The working principle of MySQL query cache is to store the results of SELECT query, and when the same query is executed again, the cached results are directly returned. 1) Query cache improves database reading performance and finds cached results through hash values. 2) Simple configuration, set query_cache_type and query_cache_size in MySQL configuration file. 3) Use the SQL_NO_CACHE keyword to disable the cache of specific queries. 4) In high-frequency update environments, query cache may cause performance bottlenecks and needs to be optimized for use through monitoring and adjustment of parameters.

The reasons why MySQL is widely used in various projects include: 1. High performance and scalability, supporting multiple storage engines; 2. Easy to use and maintain, simple configuration and rich tools; 3. Rich ecosystem, attracting a large number of community and third-party tool support; 4. Cross-platform support, suitable for multiple operating systems.

The steps for upgrading MySQL database include: 1. Backup the database, 2. Stop the current MySQL service, 3. Install the new version of MySQL, 4. Start the new version of MySQL service, 5. Recover the database. Compatibility issues are required during the upgrade process, and advanced tools such as PerconaToolkit can be used for testing and optimization.

MySQL backup policies include logical backup, physical backup, incremental backup, replication-based backup, and cloud backup. 1. Logical backup uses mysqldump to export database structure and data, which is suitable for small databases and version migrations. 2. Physical backups are fast and comprehensive by copying data files, but require database consistency. 3. Incremental backup uses binary logging to record changes, which is suitable for large databases. 4. Replication-based backup reduces the impact on the production system by backing up from the server. 5. Cloud backups such as AmazonRDS provide automation solutions, but costs and control need to be considered. When selecting a policy, database size, downtime tolerance, recovery time, and recovery point goals should be considered.

MySQLclusteringenhancesdatabaserobustnessandscalabilitybydistributingdataacrossmultiplenodes.ItusestheNDBenginefordatareplicationandfaulttolerance,ensuringhighavailability.Setupinvolvesconfiguringmanagement,data,andSQLnodes,withcarefulmonitoringandpe

Optimizing database schema design in MySQL can improve performance through the following steps: 1. Index optimization: Create indexes on common query columns, balancing the overhead of query and inserting updates. 2. Table structure optimization: Reduce data redundancy through normalization or anti-normalization and improve access efficiency. 3. Data type selection: Use appropriate data types, such as INT instead of VARCHAR, to reduce storage space. 4. Partitioning and sub-table: For large data volumes, use partitioning and sub-table to disperse data to improve query and maintenance efficiency.

TooptimizeMySQLperformance,followthesesteps:1)Implementproperindexingtospeedupqueries,2)UseEXPLAINtoanalyzeandoptimizequeryperformance,3)Adjustserverconfigurationsettingslikeinnodb_buffer_pool_sizeandmax_connections,4)Usepartitioningforlargetablestoi


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