Go language multi-threaded programming practical guide

Go language multi-threaded programming practice guide

As a modern programming language, Go language comes with excellent concurrency support, making multi-threaded programming very simple and efficient. This article will introduce how to use the Go language for multi-threaded programming, and demonstrate various techniques and best practices through specific code examples.

1. Concurrency model of Go language

In Go language, goroutine is the basic unit of concurrency. It is more lightweight than traditional threads and can create thousands of goroutines in a single thread without causing a waste of resources. The creation of goroutine is very simple. You only need to add the keyword "go" before the function call, as shown below:

func main() {
    go myFunction()
}

func myFunction() {
    // do something
}

In this way, you can create a goroutine in the main function to execute myFunction function, while the main function continues to execute its own logic.

2. Synchronization and communication

In multi-thread programming, synchronization and communication are very important concepts. The Go language provides channels to implement communication between different goroutines. A channel is a reference type and needs to be created using make. The syntax is as follows:

c := make(chan int)

Data transfer between goroutines can be achieved through channels, for example:

func main() {
    c := make(chan int)
    go sendValue(c)
    value := <-c
    fmt.Println(value)
}

func sendValue(c chan int) {
    c <- 10
}

In this code, the main The function creates a channel, calls the sendValue function in a goroutine to send an integer value to the channel, and then receives the value in the main function and prints it out.

3. Use the sync package for synchronization

In addition to channels, the Go language also provides the sync package for synchronization operations. Commonly used ones include mutex locks and read-write locks. Mutex locks are used to protect shared resources and can be implemented through sync.Mutex. Read-write locks are used to improve performance in scenarios where there are many reads and few writes, and can be implemented through sync.RWMutex.

var (
    data map[string]string
    mutex sync.Mutex
)

func setValue(key, value string) {
    mutex.Lock()
    data[key] = value
    mutex.Unlock()
}

func getValue(key string) string {
    mutex.Lock()
    defer mutex.Unlock()
    return data[key]
}

In this code, a mutex is used to protect a map type shared resource to ensure thread safety when writing and reading data.

4. Concurrency Mode

In actual multi-thread programming, there are some common concurrency modes, such as producer-consumer mode, worker pool mode, etc. Here we take the producer-consumer model as an example to introduce how to implement it in the Go language.

func producer(c chan int) {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        c <- i
    }
    close(c)
}

func consumer(c chan int) {
    for {
        value, ok := <-c
        if !ok {
            break
        }
        fmt.Println(value)
    }
}

func main() {
    c := make(chan int)
    go producer(c)
    go consumer(c)
    time.Sleep(time.Second)
}

In this code, the producer function sends the numbers 0 to 9 to the channel, and then closes the channel. The consumer function receives the value from the channel and prints it out. The main function creates a channel and starts the producer respectively. and consumer two goroutines.

The above is a practical guide for multi-threaded programming in Go language. By understanding the concurrency model, synchronization and communication of Go language, using the sync package for synchronization and common concurrency modes, you can better utilize the power of Go language. Concurrency capabilities enable efficient multi-threaded programming. I hope the content of this article can help readers better understand and apply the practice of multi-threaded programming in the Go language.

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