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我们在创建表的过程中难免会考虑不周,因此后期会修改表
修改表需要用到alter table语句
修改表名
mysql> alter table student rename person;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
这里的student是原名,person是修改过后的名字
修改字段的数据类型
mysql> alter table person modify name varchar(20);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
此处modify后面的name为字段名,我们将原来的varchar(25)改为varchar(20)
修改字段名
mysql> alter table person change stu_name name varchar(25);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
这里stu_name是原名,name是新名
需要注意的是不管改不改数据类型,后面的数据类型都要写
如果不修改只需写成原来的数据类型即可
增加无完整性约束条件的字段
mysql> alter table person add sex boolean;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
此处的sex后面只跟了数据类型,而没有完整性约束条件
增加有完整性约束条件的字段
mysql> alter table person add age int not null;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
地处增加了一条age字段,接着在后面加上了not null完整性约束条件
在表头添加字段
mysql> alter table person add num int primary key first;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
默认情况下添加字段都是添加到表尾,在添加语句后面加上first就能添加到表头
在指定位置添加字段
mysql> alter table person add birth date after name;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
这里添加一条新字段放在name字段后面
删除字段
mysql> alter table person drop sex;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
和前面删除表或数据库一样,这里也需要用drop
不同的是,删除字段还要用alter table跟着表名
修改字段到第一个位置
mysql> alter table person modify id int first;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
first在前面已经讲过,此处要注意的是字段后面要写数据类型
修改字段到指定位置
mysql> alter table person modify name varchar(25) after id;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我们把name字段放到了id后面,此处的varchar(25)要写全,varchar不行
建议操作以上步骤之前都先desc table
删除表的外键约束
mysql> alter table student3 drop foreign key fk;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
由于基本的表结构描述无法显示外键,所以在进行此操作前最好使用show create table查看表
这里的fk就是刚刚设置的外键
需要注意的是:如果想要删除有关联的表,那么必先删除外键
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