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一次复合索引的调整
表test如下:
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| pid | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| tid | mediumint(8) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |
| showtime | int(11) | YES | | 0 | |
数据量200w+
原来有个复合索引建立在tid和showtime上的。
现有个sql
SELECT * FROM test WHERE AND tid='47992' AND pid >=1660250 and showtime>0 ORDER BY p.showtime,p.pid LIMIT 0, 40;
于是将索引修改如下(tid为最左前缀不能改,有别的sql用到tid+showtime):
ALTER TABLE test ADD INDEX idx_tid_showtime_pid(tid,showtime,pid);
执行sql效率很低,请看explain
+----+-------------+----------------+-------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+----------------+-------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_tid_showtime_pid | idx_tid_showtime_pid | 8 | NULL | 123444 | Using where |
+----+-------------+----------------+-------+----------------------+----------------------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
感觉效率依然很低,通过slow-log记录可以看到执行时间在0.7秒以上。
测试了下去掉showtime条件后只使用tid和pid的复合索引效率是很高的,于是再次修改索引:
ALTER TABLE test ADD INDEX idx_tid_pid_showtime(tid,pid,showtime);
这样效率大大提高,执行时间降到了0.1以下。
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+------+------+-----------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | test | range | idx_tid_showtime_pid,idx_tid_pid_showtime | idx_tid_pid_showtime | 12 | NULL | 3290 | Using where; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------+---------+------+------+------
以上问题,从我个人理解上是这样的,idx_tid_showtime_pid(tid,showtime,pid)这条索引满足了使用索引order by的条件,所以需要扫描123444行数据。
而 idx_tid_pid_showtime(tid,pid,showtime)这条索引的列顺序和order by的顺序不一样,排序无法使用索引,而where条件使用索引效率很好,只扫描了3290行数据,即使加上排序的时间也很快。
由此可见索引的添加也不能一味的以字段顺序去适应排序的顺序,虽然省略了排序所花的时间,但是在其他的开销上远大于少量数据排序带来的影响。
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