bitsCN.com group_concat(),手册上说明:该函数返回带有来自一个组的连接的非NULL值的字符串结果。
比较抽象,难以理解。
通俗点理解,其实是这样的:group_concat()会计算哪些行属于同一组,将属于同一组的列显示出来。要返回哪些列,由函
数参数(就是字段名)决定。分组必须有个标准,就是根据group by指定的列进行分组。
group_concat函数应该是在内部执行了group by语句,这是我的猜测。
1.测试语句:SELECT group_concat(town) FROM `players` group by town
结果去查找town中去查找哪些值是一样的,如果相等,就全部列出来,以逗号分割进行列出,如下:
group_concat(town)
北京,北京
长沙
2.测试:SELECT group_concat( town )
FROM players
结果:
group_concat(town)
长沙,北京,北京,
上面是否可以证明,group_concat只有与group by语句同时使用才能产生效果? 下面进行了实际测验
3.测试常量对group_concat()的配置影响:
SET @@GROUP_CONCAT_MAX_LEN=4
手册中提到设置的语法是这样的:
SET [SESSION | GLOBAL] group_concat_max_len = val;
两种有什么区别?
SET @@global.GROUP_CONCAT_MAX_LEN=4;
global可以省略,那么就变成了:SET @@GROUP_CONCAT_MAX_LEN=4;
4.使用语句 SELECT group_concat(town) FROM `players`。结果得到:
group_concat(town)
长沙,北京,长沙,北京
结论:group_concat()函数需要与group by语句在一起使用,才能得到需要的效果。
原因可以这样理解:group_concat()得到是属于x组的所有成员(函数里面列参数指定需要显示哪些字段)。x组从哪里来?如
果没有group by进行指定,那么根本不知道group_concat()根据哪个分组进行显示出成员。 所以,像上面没有group by子句
的时候,就显示了长沙和北京。
实际中什么时候需要用到这个函数?
假如需要查询的结果是这样:左边显示组名,右边想显示该组别下的所有成员信息。用这个函数,就可以省去很多事情了。
另外,假如我这样使用:SELECT group_concat( name, sex ) FROM `players` town。意义不大。group_concat()指定一个
列是最好的情况。如果指定了多个列。那么显示结果类似这样:
group_concat(name,sex)
王滔,王小明男,刘惠女,舒明女
bitsCN.com
How to effectively monitor MySQL performance? Use tools such as mysqladmin, SHOWGLOBALSTATUS, PerconaMonitoring and Management (PMM), and MySQL EnterpriseMonitor. 1. Use mysqladmin to view the number of connections. 2. Use SHOWGLOBALSTATUS to view the query number. 3.PMM provides detailed performance data and graphical interface. 4.MySQLEnterpriseMonitor provides rich monitoring functions and alarm mechanisms.

The difference between MySQL and SQLServer is: 1) MySQL is open source and suitable for web and embedded systems, 2) SQLServer is a commercial product of Microsoft and is suitable for enterprise-level applications. There are significant differences between the two in storage engine, performance optimization and application scenarios. When choosing, you need to consider project size and future scalability.

In enterprise-level application scenarios that require high availability, advanced security and good integration, SQLServer should be chosen instead of MySQL. 1) SQLServer provides enterprise-level features such as high availability and advanced security. 2) It is closely integrated with Microsoft ecosystems such as VisualStudio and PowerBI. 3) SQLServer performs excellent in performance optimization and supports memory-optimized tables and column storage indexes.

MySQLmanagescharactersetsandcollationsbyusingUTF-8asthedefault,allowingconfigurationatdatabase,table,andcolumnlevels,andrequiringcarefulalignmenttoavoidmismatches.1)Setdefaultcharactersetandcollationforadatabase.2)Configurecharactersetandcollationfor

A MySQL trigger is an automatically executed stored procedure associated with a table that is used to perform a series of operations when a specific data operation is performed. 1) Trigger definition and function: used for data verification, logging, etc. 2) Working principle: It is divided into BEFORE and AFTER, and supports row-level triggering. 3) Example of use: Can be used to record salary changes or update inventory. 4) Debugging skills: Use SHOWTRIGGERS and SHOWCREATETRIGGER commands. 5) Performance optimization: Avoid complex operations, use indexes, and manage transactions.

The steps to create and manage user accounts in MySQL are as follows: 1. Create a user: Use CREATEUSER'newuser'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password'; 2. Assign permissions: Use GRANTSELECT, INSERT, UPDATEONmydatabase.TO'newuser'@'localhost'; 3. Fix permission error: Use REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONmydatabase.FROM'newuser'@'localhost'; then reassign permissions; 4. Optimization permissions: Use SHOWGRA

MySQL is suitable for rapid development and small and medium-sized applications, while Oracle is suitable for large enterprises and high availability needs. 1) MySQL is open source and easy to use, suitable for web applications and small and medium-sized enterprises. 2) Oracle is powerful and suitable for large enterprises and government agencies. 3) MySQL supports a variety of storage engines, and Oracle provides rich enterprise-level functions.

The disadvantages of MySQL compared to other relational databases include: 1. Performance issues: You may encounter bottlenecks when processing large-scale data, and PostgreSQL performs better in complex queries and big data processing. 2. Scalability: The horizontal scaling ability is not as good as Google Spanner and Amazon Aurora. 3. Functional limitations: Not as good as PostgreSQL and Oracle in advanced functions, some functions require more custom code and maintenance.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.