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一、术语
1、数据库(database)
2、数据库管理系统(DBMS)
3、列(column)/行(row)
4、主键(Primary key)
5、SQL(Structured Query Language)结构化查询语言
特点:(1)、所有DBMS都支持
(2)、简单易学、灵活强大
二、常用命令之一
6、MySQL选项和参数:
1: 指定用户登录名Ben:
2: mysql -u ben
3: 给出用户名、主机、端口、和口令:
4: mysql -u ben -p -h myserver -p 9999
(1)、命令输入在mysql>之后;输入help或/h获得帮助
(2)、命令用;或/g结束;输入quit、exit退出命令行
7、子句(clause):
clause有子句、条款的意思,SQL语句由子句构成,分可选和必需;一个子句通常由一个关键字和所提供的数据组成。如SELECT 语句的FROM子句,或ORDER BY子句
8、通配符(*)尽量不要使用,因为在检索不需要的列会降低检索或程序性能。
9、DISTINCT关键字指示Mysql只返回不同的值:
1: SELECT DISTINCT title FROM new
10、LIMIT子句限制返回的结果
1: SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 3
LIMIT m,n: 其中m表示从m行开始,n表示要检索的行数
当行数不够时,检索最大行的。
注意:Mysql5支持另一种LIMIT替代语法,LIMIT n OFFSET m:从m行开始曲n行
1: SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 1 OFFSET 3
2: SELECT id,title FROM new LIMIT 3,1
3: 效果一样
11、使用完全限定的表名
1: SELECT new.id,new.title FROM new
2: 当然表也可使用完全限定如:Mydata.new
12、ORDER BY子句
ORDER BY子句取出一个或多个列的名字,据此对输出进行排序 默认是升序(ASC),还可以降序(DESC),注意DESC只应用到直接位于其前面的列名。
如果在多个列中进行降序排列,必须在每个列指定DESC关键字
13、使用SHOW语句找出在服务器上当前存在什么数据库
1: SHOW DATABASES;
后面是复数
14、创建一个数据库MYSQLDATA
1: CREATE DATABASE MYSQLDATA;15、创建一个数据库表
1: CREATE TABLE product (pro_id INT,pro_price FLOAT,pro_name VARCHAR(20));
17、显示表的结构
1: DESCRIBE product
describe:描述、形容
在navicat for Mysql中显示如下:
18、往表中加入记录
1: INSERT INTO product VALUES(15.00,'pen')
2: #插入多行
3: INSERT INTO product (pro_price,pro_name) VALUES(12.00,' toothpaste'),
4: (18.00,'belt'),(15.00,'basin'),(52.30,'pot')
19、在navcat for mysql中对建立id
20、在navcat for mysql中设置字符集
选择‘product’表---右键 ‘设计表’---
同时可以设置主键
如此一来,我们就可以在表中插入中文数据;:
1: INSERT INTO product (pro_price,pro_name) VALUES(1.00,'SoftDrink'),(2.00,'矿泉水')
21、删除表
1: mysql>drop TABLE MYTABLE;
22、清空表
1: DELETE FROM new
23、更新数据
1: UPDATE product SET pro_price=50.00 WHERE pro_name='pot'24、使用ORDER BY 和 LIMIT的组合,能找出一个列中最高或最低的值:
1: SELECT pro_price,pro_name FROM product ORDER BY pro_price DESC LIMIT 1
注意顺序
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