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What is inheritance?
Inheritance is a basic concept in Object-orientedProgramming, which allows one class (subclass) to inherit the characteristics of another class (parent class). Subclasses inherit the properties and methods of the parent class and can override the parent class's methods to achieve different behaviors. This facilitates code reuse, reduces duplicate code and enhances scalability.
Inherited syntax
In python, use the class
keyword to declare a subclass and specify the parent class. The following is the syntax:
class Subclass(Superclass): # 子类代码
Polymorphism
Polymorphism means that an object can exhibit different behaviors depending on its type. In Python, polymorphism is mainly achieved through method coverage. When a subclass overrides a parent class method, the subclass object will use the overridden method, while the parent class object will still use the original method.
Advantages of polymorphism
Implement polymorphism
In Python, polymorphism can be achieved by overriding parent class methods. Here are examples:
class Animal: def make_sound(self): print("Animal makes a sound.") class Dog(Animal): def make_sound(self): print("Dog barks.") class Cat(Animal): def make_sound(self): print("Cat meows.") # 创建对象并调用方法 animal = Animal() animal.make_sound()# 输出 "Animal makes a sound." dog = Dog() dog.make_sound()# 输出 "Dog barks." cat = Cat() cat.make_sound()# 输出 "Cat meows."
Advanced Inheritance Concept
class Subclass(Superclass1, Superclass2, ...)
. @cla<strong class="keylink">SSM</strong>ethod
decorator declaration. @staticmethod
decorator declaration. Application scenarios
Inheritance and polymorphism are widely used in Python, including:
Conclusion
Inheritance and polymorphism are powerful tools in Python that can significantly enhance the reusability and scalability of your code. Understanding these concepts and applying them effectively to your code can help you write programs that are more flexible, easier to maintain, and more scalable.
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