Getting Started Guide to PHP Server Optimization: From knowledge to practice, improve website performance step by step

PHP server optimization is crucial to improving website performance. In this introductory guide written by PHP editor Strawberry, you will learn step by step from understanding to practice how to optimize the PHP server to improve website performance. Whether for novices or experienced developers, these optimization tips will help you better manage and optimize your PHP server, making the website run faster and more stably.

Caching refers to storing the required data in a temporary location so that it can be read directly from this location during the next request, thus saving time on data query or processing. Caching technology plays an important role in PHPoptimization. The main methods include:

1.1 File Cache

File caching is a method of storing frequently accessed data in files. When needed next time, it is read directly from the file, avoiding direct reading and writing of frequently read and written disks, and saving I/O overhead.

<?php
// 将数据存储到文件中
file_put_contents("cache/data.txt", "Hello, world!");

// 从文件中读取数据
$data = file_get_contents("cache/data.txt");

// 打印数据
echo $data;

1.2 Memcache cache

Memcache is a distributed memory cache system that can store data on multiple Memcache protocol services through the network , and then read data from any service. , this method can greatly reduce the pressure on a single application service and avoid single points of failure.

<?php
// 创建一个Memcache对象
$memcache = new Memcache();

// 连接到Memcache服务
$memcache->connect("127.0.0.1", 11211);

// 将数据存储到Memcache
$memcache->set("key1", "Hello, world!");

// 从Memcache获取数据
$data = $memcache->get("key1");

// 打印数据
echo $data;

2. Database optimization

PHP applications often read or write data from relational or non-relational data. At this time, for programs involving operations such as reading and writing data tables, optimize sql statements or selections The right storage engine is particularly important.

2.1 SQL statement optimization

• Index: Index is a data storage method that sorts data in a certain order. It can speed up data query, especially for operations involving sorting or grouping. query. When creating an index, you need to consider factors such as column selection, index type, and index size.
• Use SELECT less : When querying data, you should only select the required fields instead of using SELECT , because this will waste unnecessary network bandwidth and bring unnecessary inconvenience to the server. pressure.
• Use less JOIN statements such as LEFT/RIGHT/INNER/OUTER. The efficiency of these statements when querying data is much lower than that of simple queries.
• Try to use parameterized queries to avoid SQL injection.

2.2 Choose the appropriate storage engine

According to the application usage scenario, you need to choose an appropriate data storage engine. Common storage engines include InnoDB, Mysql, Memory, etc. InnoDB is a general-purpose storage engine that supports transactions and foreign key constraints, but the overhead is high; mysql is a lightweight storage engine with low overhead, but the overhead is high. Transactions and foreign key constraints are not supported; Memory is an in-memory storage engine that is very fast, but data will be lost after restarting.

3. Code optimization

The execution efficiency of PHP programs depends largely on the execution efficiency of the code. The following are some commonly used PHP code optimization techniques:

3.1 Reduce unnecessary function calls

Function calls will generate a certain amount of overhead, especially when there are a large number of loops or conditional statements inside the function. Therefore, reducing unnecessary function calls can significantly speed up program execution.

3.2 Try to use arrays

Array is a very efficient way to store data. It can randomly access elements, and you can also use rich functions to operate arrays. Therefore, try to use arrays when you need to store multiple related data.

3.3 Avoid using loops

Looping is a very time-consuming operation, especially when the number of loops is very large. Therefore, when writing a program, try to avoid using loops, or use more efficient looping methods, such as foreach loops.

4. Hardware optimization

In addition to code and software level optimization, hardware optimization is also an important part of PHP optimization. The following are some commonly used hardware optimization tips:

4.1 Upgrade hardware equipment

Upgrading hardware devices can significantly speed up program execution, especially for hardware devices such as CPU, memory, and hard disk.

4.2 Choose a suitable network environment

The network environment has a great impact on the execution efficiency of PHP programs. Therefore, choosing a suitable network environment can significantly speed up the execution of the program.

4.3 Optimize network configuration

Optimizing network configuration can reduce network delay and packet loss, thereby speeding up program execution.

5. Application optimization

In addition to the above optimization techniques, applications can also be optimized from multiple levels such as application architecture, deployment mode, and online fault handling.

5.1 Optimize application architecture

Optimizing the application architecture can significantly speed up program execution, especially for distributed applications.

5.2 Choose the appropriate deployment mode

Choosing the appropriate deployment mode can reduce the pressure on the server and speed up the execution of the program.

5.3 Optimize online fault handling

Optimizing online fault handling can reduce fault time and thereby speed up program execution.

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