An in-depth exploration of the core principles and best practices of the Struts framework

The Struts framework is a Java-based open source web application framework that follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern and aims to simplify the development process of web applications. This article will analyze the core principles of the Struts framework and provide best practice guidelines, accompanied by specific code examples.

1. The core principles of the Struts framework

1. MVC design pattern

The Struts framework adopts the MVC design pattern and divides the application into three parts: Model (Model) , View and Controller. Model is responsible for processing business logic and data persistence, View is responsible for displaying data to users, and Controller is responsible for processing user requests and scheduling Model and View.

2. Core components

The core components of the Struts framework include Action, ActionForm, ActionServlet and the configuration file struts-config.xml. Action represents the processing logic of user requests. ActionForm is used to receive user input data. ActionServlet is the core component of the controller and is responsible for scheduling requests and processing forwarding.

3. Workflow

When the user sends a request, the request is received by the Servlet container (such as Tomcat), and the request is handed over to the ActionServlet of Struts for processing through the web.xml configuration. ActionServlet finds the corresponding Action according to the struts-config.xml configuration file and executes it, and then hands the execution result to the View to display to the user.

2. Best practice guide for the Struts framework

1. Follow naming conventions

In Struts, following consistent naming conventions can improve code readability and maintenance sex. For example, the name of the Action class should end with Action, and the name of the ActionForm class should end with Form.

2. Use the Validator plug-in

Struts provides the Validator plug-in for data verification, which can effectively verify the legality of user input data. By configuring validation rules, data validation can be easily performed in Action.

3. Reasonable use of international resources

Struts supports international resource files and can load different resource files according to the user's locale. Reasonable use of internationalization resources can help develop multi-language supported web applications.

3. Specific code examples

1. Action class example

public class LoginAction extends Action {
    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        LoginForm loginForm = (LoginForm) form;
        String username = loginForm.getUsername();
        String password = loginForm.getPassword();
        
        // 处理登录逻辑

        return mapping.findForward("success");
    }
}

2. ActionForm class example

public class LoginForm extends ActionForm {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    
    // Getters and setters

    public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
        username = null;
        password = null;
    }
}

3. struts-config.xml configuration example

<struts-config>
    <form-beans>
        <form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.example.LoginForm"/>
    </form-beans>

    <action-mappings>
        <action path="/login" type="com.example.LoginAction" name="loginForm" scope="request" validate="true" input="/login.jsp">
            <forward name="success" path="/welcome.jsp"/>
        </action>
    </action-mappings>
</struts-config>

Through the above specific code examples, we have demonstrated the core principles, best practice guidelines and code examples of the Struts framework. We hope that readers can have a deeper understanding of and use the Struts framework to develop Web applications.

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