How to sort Chinese characters in C language environment?

How to implement Chinese character sorting function in C language programming software?

In modern society, the Chinese character sorting function is one of the essential functions in many software. Whether in word processing software, search engines or database systems, Chinese characters need to be sorted to better display and process Chinese text data. In C language programming, how to implement the Chinese character sorting function? One method is briefly introduced below.

First of all, in order to implement the Chinese character sorting function in C language, we need to use the string comparison function. However, the string comparison function in C language only supports comparison of ASCII character sequences by default and cannot directly sort Chinese characters. To solve this problem, we can take advantage of Unicode encoding.

Unicode is an encoding scheme used to represent all characters worldwide. It provides a unified encoding table that maps each character to a unique encoding value. In Unicode encoding, the encoding range of Chinese characters is 0x4E00 to 0x9FA5. Therefore, we can determine whether a character is a Chinese character by judging whether the Unicode encoding value of a character is within this range.

Next, we can define a custom comparison function to implement the Chinese character sorting function. This comparison function will compare the characters in two strings and sort them according to the size of the Unicode encoding value. If two characters are equal in Unicode encoding value, the comparison continues with the next character until a difference is found or one of the strings ends.

The following is a simple sample code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int chinese_strcmp(const void* a, const void* b) {
    const char* str1 = *(const char**)a;
    const char* str2 = *(const char**)b;
    int len1 = strlen(str1);
    int len2 = strlen(str2);
    int len = len1 < len2 ? len1 : len2;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (str1[i] >= 0 && str2[i] >= 0) {
            if (str1[i] != str2[i]) {
                return str1[i] - str2[i];
            }
        }
        else if (str1[i] >= 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        else {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    
    return len1 - len2;
}

int main() {
    const char* strs[] = { "中文", "排序", "功能", "实现" };
    int size = sizeof(strs) / sizeof(strs[0]);
    
    qsort(strs, size, sizeof(strs[0]), chinese_strcmp);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        printf("%s ", strs[i]);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

In the above code, we define a string array strs, which contains some Chinese strings. We then sort this array using the qsort function, where the chinese_strcmp function is passed as argument to compare and sort. Finally, we iterate over the sorted array and print the results.

Through the above code, we can realize the Chinese character sorting function in C language programming software. Of course, this is just a simple example, and actual applications may be more complex. For example, for Chinese strings containing multiple characters, we can sort them in alphabetical order in Pinyin.

In short, to implement the Chinese character sorting function, you need to use Unicode encoding and rewrite the string comparison function to compare and sort Chinese characters. I hope this article can be helpful to your C language programming work.

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