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mysql运行状态
show processlist;或使用mysql administrator 查看当前运行connection的状态:
state列出的状态主要有以下几种:
Checking table
正在检查数据表(这是自动的)。
Closing tables
正在将表中修改的数据刷新到磁盘中,同时正在关闭已经用完的表。这是一个很快的操作,如果不是这样的话,就应该确认磁盘空间是否已经满了或者磁盘是否正处于重负中。
Connect Out
复制从服务器正在连接主服务器。
Copying to tmp table on disk
由于临时结果集大于 tmp_table_size,正在将临时表从内存存储转为磁盘存储以此节省内存。
Creating tmp table
正在创建临时表以存放部分查询结果。
deleting from main table
服务器正在执行多表删除中的第一部分,刚删除第一个表。
deleting from reference tables
服务器正在执行多表删除中的第二部分,正在删除其他表的记录。
Flushing tables
正在执行 FLUSH TABLES,等待其他线程关闭数据表。
Killed
发送了一个kill请求给某线程,那么这个线程将会检查kill标志位,同时会放弃下一个kill请求。MySQL会在每次的主循环中检查kill标志位,不过有些情况下该线程可能会过一小段才能死掉。如果该线程程被其他线程锁住了,那么kill请求会在锁释放时马上生效。
Locked
被其他查询锁住了。
Sending data
正在处理 SELECT 查询的记录,同时正在把结果发送给客户端。
Sorting for group
正在为 GROUP BY 做排序。
Sorting for order
正在为 ORDER BY 做排序。
Opening tables
这个过程应该会很快,除非受到其他因素的干扰。例如,在执 ALTER TABLE 或 LOCK TABLE 语句行完以前,数据表无法被其他线程打开。 正尝试打开一个表。
Removing duplicates
正在执行一个 SELECT DISTINCT 方式的查询,但是MySQL无法在前一个阶段优化掉那些重复的记录。因此,MySQL需要再次去掉重复的记录,然后再把结果发送给客户端。
Reopen table
获得了对一个表的锁,但是必须在表结构修改之后才能获得这个锁。已经释放锁,关闭数据表,正尝试重新打开数据表。
Repair by sorting
修复指令正在排序以创建索引。
Repair with keycache
修复指令正在利用索引缓存一个一个地创建新索引。它会比 Repair by sorting 慢些。
Searching rows for update
正在讲符合条件的记录找出来以备更新。它必须在 UPDATE 要修改相关的记录之前就完成了。
Sleeping
正在等待客户端发送新请求.
System lock
正在等待取得一个外部的系统锁。如果当前没有运行多个 mysqld 服务器同时请求同一个表,那么可以通过增加 –skip-external-locking参数来禁止外部系统锁。
Upgrading lock
INSERT DELAYED 正在尝试取得一个锁表以插入新记录。
Updating
正在搜索匹配的记录,并且修改它们。
User Lock
正在等待 GET_LOCK()。
Waiting for tables
该线程得到通知,数据表结构已经被修改了,需要重新打开数据表以取得新的结构。然后,为了能的重新打开数据表,必须等到所有其他线程关闭这个表。以下几种情况下会产生这个通知:FLUSH TABLES tbl_name, ALTER
TABLE, RENAME TABLE, REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE, 或 OPTIMIZE TABLE。
waiting for handler insert
INSERT DELAYED 已经处理完了所有待处理的插入操作,正在等待新的请求。
大部分状态对应很快的操作,只要有一个线程保持同一个状态好几秒钟,那么可能是有问题发生了,需要检查一下。还有其它的状态没在上面中列出来,不过它们大部分只是在查看服务器是否有存在错误是才用得着。
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ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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