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mysql联结操作符
1、逗号关联操作符的效果与INNER JOIN相似:
[sql]
select t1.*,t2.* from t1, t2 where t1.i = t2.i;
等价于:
[sql]
select t1.*,t2.* from t1 INNER JOIN t2 where t1.i = t2.i;
注意,逗号关联操作符的优先级和其他联结类型不一样,有时还会导致语法错误,而其他联结操作符没有这个问题。应尽量避免使用逗号操作符。
2、using()子句:它在概念上类似on子句和where,但是要求被联结的列必须是同名的。
如:
[sql]
select t1.*,t2.* from t1 inner join t2 using(i);
等价于:
[html]
select t1.*,t2.* from t1 inner join t2 on t1.i =t2.i;
3、如何消除自联结(也就是把一个数据表与它本身联结起来)。
这个时候需要用到别名,如:
[sql]
select m1.name,m2.name from mytable as m1 inner join mytable as m2 where m1.name = m2.name
4、有关左联结和右联结(外联结)
内联结只能显示在两个数据表里都能找到的数据行。外联结除了显示了同样的结果,还可以把其中一个数据表在另一个数据表里面有匹配的数据行也显示出来。左联结把左数据表在右数据表里没有匹配的数据行也显示出来。右边表里没有的数据会显示NULL。
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InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

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The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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