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[Linux] 利用logrotate对MySQL日志进行轮转

 

日志轮转特别适用于具有固定文件名的日志文件,比如MySQL的出错日志、常规查询日志、慢查询日志等。Linux系统有一个非常好用的根据logratate可以实现自动轮转,本文介绍它的原理和用法。

默认情况下,logratate部署为每天运行的cron job,你可以在目录/etc/cron.daily里找到名为logratate的配置文件。那么它是在每天的上面时候运行的呢?打开文件/etc/crontab就知道了,下面是我机器上的情况:

[plain] 

SHELL=/bin/bash  

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin  

MAILTO=root  

HOME=/  

  

# run-parts  

01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly  

02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily  

22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly  

42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly  

从上面的配置我们可以知道,/etc/cron.daily是在每天凌晨4:02执行。也就是说,每天4:02分/etc/cron.daily/logratate将会自动执行,下面是它的内容:

[plain] 

#!/bin/sh  

  

/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf  

EXITVALUE=$?  

if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then  

    /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"  

fi  

exit 0  

从上面我们可以知道,logratate默认的配置文件是/etc/logratate.conf,下面是它的内容:

[plain] 

EXITVALUE=$?  

if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then  

    /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"  

fi  

exit 0  

[root@lx202 /etc/cron.daily ]# cat /etc/logrotate.conf  

# see "man logrotate" for details  

# rotate log files weekly  

weekly  

  

# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs  

rotate 4  

  

# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones  

create  

  

# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed  

#compress  

  

# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory  

include /etc/logrotate.d  

  

# no packages own wtmp -- we'll rotate them here  

/var/log/wtmp {  

    monthly  

    minsize 1M  

    create 0664 root utmp  

    rotate 1  

}  

  

/var/log/btmp {  

    missingok  

    monthly  

    minsize 1M  

    create 0600 root utmp  

    rotate 1  

}  

从上面我们可以知道,这个默认的配置文件将读取目录/etc/logrotate.d,所以我们只要把自己写的配置文件放到该目录下即可。

MySQL本省提供了一个rotate的参考配置文件,在support-files目录下,文件名为mysql-log-rotate,内容如下:

[plain] 

# This logname can be set in /etc/my.cnf  

# by setting the variable "err-log"  

# in the [safe_mysqld] section as follows:  

#  

# [safe_mysqld]  

# err-log=/opt/mysql/data/mysqld.log  

#  

# If the root user has a password you have to create a  

# /root/.my.cnf configuration file with the following  

# content:  

#  

# [mysqladmin]  

# password =  

# user= root  

#  

# where "" is the password.  

#  

# ATTENTION: This /root/.my.cnf should be readable ONLY  

# for root !  

  

/opt/mysql/data/mysqld.log {  

        # create 600 mysql mysql  

        notifempty  

        daily  

        rotate 3  

        missingok  

        compress  

    postrotate  

        # just if mysqld is really running  

        if test -x /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && /  

           /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null  

        then  

           /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs  

        fi  

    endscript  

}  

logrotate常见选项:

选项 含义

compress 压缩日志文件的所有非当前版本

copy 复制当前的日志文件,忽略create参数

copytruncate 复制当前的日志文件,并置空当前文件

daily 每天轮日志文件i

dateext 轮换的日志后缀为-YYYYMMDD格式

delaycompress 压缩除了当前和最近之外的所有其他版本

missingok 如果日志不存在,不会报错

notifempty 如果日志为空,则不轮换

rotate n 在轮换方案中包含n个版本的日志

size=logsize 如果日志文件大于logsize才轮换

我们只要根据自己的需要,修改相应配置即可,下面是一个例子:

1)创建MySQL root密码文件

vi /root/.my.cnf

[plain] 

[mysqladmin]  

password = ***  

user= root  

chmod 600 /root/.my.cnf

2)把mysql-log-rotate拷贝至/etc/logrotate.d目录下,修改其内容为:

[plain] 

/data/mysql/log/slow.log  

/data/mysql/log/alert.log {  

        create 600 mysql mysql  

        notifempty  

        daily  

        rotate 7  

        missingok  

        # compress  

    postrotate  

        # just if mysqld is really running  

        if test -x /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin && /  

           /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin ping &>/dev/null  

        then  

           /opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin flush-logs  

        fi  

    endscript  

}  

3)执行以下命令测试

[plain] 

/usr/sbin/logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/mysql-log-rotate  

 

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