What does the arrow symbol '=>' in the output of go version -m mean?
php editor Strawberry is here to answer a question about the Go language: When running the `go version -m` command, the arrow in the output What does the symbol "=>" mean? This symbol is actually used to indicate package dependencies. When we use `go mod` for package management, arrow symbols will show the dependencies between modules, indicating that one module depends on another module. Through this symbol, we can clearly understand the relationship between each module, which facilitates package management and debugging.
Question content
I am parsing the CVEs identified by various scanners in my project, and one of the CVEs is associated with a version of a golang dependency.
When I run go version -m ./binaryfile the dependencies marked as vulnerable have this arrow symbol next to them => but I can't find it Document its meaning anywhere.
Full output is included below...
$ go version -m /root/github.com/alexei-led/pumba/.bin/github.com/alexei-led/pumba
/root/github.com/alexei-led/pumba/.bin/github.com/alexei-led/pumba: go1.19.4
path command-line-arguments
dep github.com/alexei-led/pumba (devel)
dep github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d h1:u+s90utsygptzmwqh2arr3luazljia+pg3kc1ylsyvy=
dep github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvcefjowuhtloarqs3+rkhyy13jywtu97c=
dep github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible h1:a5mlkvzth6w5a4foss3d2eo5bumsjpcb+crllu7csug=
dep github.com/docker/docker v1.13.1
=> github.com/docker/engine v17.12.0-ce-rc1.0.20190717161051-705d9623b7c1+incompatible h1:4pnn+rsurveibbmqlrtzh77hlmip4naaqrhook4apj8=
dep github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 h1:el9xviselrb7bufusrzozjnkim5ynzcvinkohafqrjq=
dep github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 h1:3uh0pgvws3nia0q+mwdc8yjepf9zjrfzzwxzydct3tw=
dep github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:ov1cvc58uf3b5xjbnzv7+opctcqfzebyjwzi34vdm4q=
dep github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.3 h1:jjczwpvbqxdqfvmtfywevtmiyrl/npdpschpj0t/ram=
dep github.com/johntdyer/slack-go v0.0.0-20180213144715-95fac1160b22 h1:jkup9tq0c7x3w6+ipymit07re42mttwnd77sn2chngq=
dep github.com/johntdyer/slackrus v0.0.0-20180518184837-f7aae3243a07 h1:+kbg/8rjca6vxjzbujaie4mqmbebyc8nleb51frnvby=
dep github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 h1:apouws51w5plhuygyz9fceebiouda/6nw8oi/yohh5u=
dep github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 h1:jmemwkrwhx4zj+fvxwomcfm/8syggruvojfa6h/trci=
dep github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:feblx1zs214owpjy7qsbeixburkuhqawrk5uwlgtwt4=
dep github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4dbwde0ngyqobhblqypwsupocmwr5bezik/f1lzbaqm=
dep github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1 h1:lpqvate+huhnfhj/0lc98eswrz8afy9tm/0rk8m9o+q=
dep github.com/shurcool/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 h1:pdmoco6wvbs+7yrjymort4/bmy5iyyjws/koiwx8mho=
dep github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.7.0 h1:shrd1u9pzb12tx0cvy0dtepoch97k8etx+mg7zarutm=
dep github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0 h1:4g4v2do3vzwixgiroq5lfboy6nuhcyyzaqniapphys4=
dep github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1 h1:hdpohmpopp40lsulcqw7irrb/u7w6rpdc9399xyond0=
dep github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.4 h1:u7tspnppswafymm8iehjhy4ujmluuu/gmqskvj1inxa=
dep golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210917163549-3c21e5b27794 h1:poargvjk+mphife37zcmbwoljplramlkmvggjvlkyl8=
dep golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9 h1:sqfwasi55ru7vdns9yr0z324vnlrf+0wmqrxt4st8ck=
dep golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210616094352-59db8d763f22 h1:rqytpxgr1ivnx7psjb3ff8y7snfinvfvkx1c8sjbkio=
dep google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20200526211855-cb27e3aa2013 h1:+kghl1aib/qcwari1cbqbz1rk19r85mnuf8habghugy=
dep google.golang.org/grpc v1.40.0 h1:agj0ih4mhjseibykfgh1dd9kj/eotz93i6hohhukq5q=
dep google.golang.org/protobuf v1.25.0 h1:ejskq+sypohkw+1uil0jjmtmhcgjpj/qwtxr8qp+r4c=
dep gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:duuwhk2qeco/6vqa44rthz8ie2qxmnekrthcny2nxvo=
build -compiler=gc
build -ldflags="-x main.version=0.8.0 -x main.gitcommit=0413655 -x main.gitbranch=head -x main.buildtime=2022-12-29t09:34:48-0500 "
build -tags=release
build cgo_enabled=0
build goarch=amd64
build goos=linux
build goamd64=v1
...The line of interest is:
=> github.com/docker/engine v17.12.0-ce-rc1.0.20190717161051-705d9623b7c1+incompatible h1:4Pnn+RsurVEiBbmqlRtzh77HLMiP4NaaqRHOOK4aPj8=
Solution
=> means using the replace directive to build the executable binary.
The previous line is also very important, that is the replaced module:
dep github.com/docker/docker v1.13.1
=> github.com/docker/engine v17.12.0-ce-rc1.0.20190717161051-705d9623b7c1+incompatible h1:4pnn+rsurveibbmqlrtzh77hlmip4naaqrhook4apj8=
This means github.com/docker/docker v1.13.1 was replaced by github.com/docker/engine v17.12.0-... during the build process.
Example replace directive from go.mod file:
replace golang.org/x/net v1.2.3 => example.com/fork/net v1.4.5
This is the source of => text. Think of it as the referenced golang.org/x/net package "points" to example.com/fork/net (this is what is actually used ).
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