


Use Go to verify passwords based on hashed passwords in the /etc/shadow file
php小编子墨今天为大家介绍一种使用Go语言验证密码的方法,这个方法是基于读取/etc/shadow文件中的哈希密码进行验证的。在日常开发中,密码验证是一个非常重要的功能,而使用Go语言可以快速、高效地实现密码验证的功能。通过读取/etc/shadow文件中的哈希密码并进行比对,我们可以确保用户输入的密码与存储在系统中的密码一致。本文将详细介绍这个方法的实现过程,希望能对大家有所帮助。
问题内容
我目前在 /etc/shadow
文件中的密码格式类似于 $6$icnb6xpt8xjwc$ai9rq5hqpep.juts/tubhk/oi7so/s1aa.ihgbjhn12qmt5p44x5or86pso9/opbo4cmo0at4xumc0ycapo8 7/
(sha512
加密密码)。我需要做的是验证密码(用户提供的密码和当前的哈希密码)。我正在 go
上实现这个。
我试图实现这一目标的方法是,获取用户提供的密码,使用与 /etc/shadow
中相同的盐对其进行哈希处理,并检查它们是否相似或不同。如何生成相同的哈希值并验证密码?
下面是我正在做的粗略代码(根据 amadan 对编码的评论进行了更新)
// this is what is stored on /etc/shadow - a hashed string of "test" myPwd := "$6$IcnB6XpT8xjWC$AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/" // getting the salt salt := strings.Split(myPwd, "$")[2] encoding := base64.NewEncoding("./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz").WithPadding(base64.NoPadding) decodedSalt, err := encoding.DecodeString(salt) // user provided password myNewPwd := "test" newHashedPwd, err := hashPwd512(string(myNewPwd), string(decodedSalt)) // comparision if (newHashedPwd == myPwd) { // password is same, validate it } // What I'm expecting from this method is that for the same password stored in the /etc/shadow, // and the same salt, it should return (like the one in /etc/shadow file) // AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/ func hashPwd512(pwd string, salt string) (string, error) { hash := sha512.New() hash.Write([]byte(salt)) hash.Write([]byte(pwd)) encoding := base64.NewEncoding("./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz").WithPadding(base64.NoPadding) hashedPwd := encoding.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil)) return hashedPwd, nil }
注意:密码通过passwd
或chpasswd
设置/更改。
解决方法
sha512 是一种快速哈希。这对密码来说是不利的,因为当每次尝试几乎不需要花费任何成本时,暴力破解就变得非常容易。为了减慢速度,/etc/shadow
中的内容不仅仅是一个简单的 sha512 哈希值,而是 key拉伸适用于哈希算法运行数千次的情况。具体的密钥拉伸算法好像是这个。因此,crypto/sha512
只完成了所需任务的大约 1/5000(默认情况下)。
package main import ( "fmt" "strings" "github.com/gehirninc/crypt" _ "github.com/gehirninc/crypt/sha512_crypt" ) func main() { saltedpass := "$6$icnb6xpt8xjwc$ai9rq5hqpep.juts/tubhk/oi7so/s1aa.ihgbjhn12qmt5p44x5or86pso9/opbo4cmo0at4xumc0ycapo87/" fmt.println("original: ", saltedpass) // make new hash from scratch plainpass := "test" crypt := crypt.sha512.new() newsaltedpass, err := crypt.generate([]byte(plainpass), []byte(saltedpass)) if err != nil { panic(err) } fmt.println("generated:", newsaltedpass) // verify a password (correct) err = crypt.verify(saltedpass, []byte(plainpass)) fmt.println("verification error (correct password): ", err) // verify a password (incorrect) badpass := "fail" err = crypt.verify(saltedpass, []byte(badpass)) fmt.println("verification error (incorrect password):", err) }
由于您只需要验证,因此 verify
快捷方式就足够了(它会在幕后为您生成 generate
):
err = crypt.verify(saltedpass, []byte(plainpass)) if err == nil { fmt.println("fly, you fools!") } else { fmt.println("you shall not pass!") }
输出:
Original: $6$IcnB6XpT8xjWC$AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/ Generated: $6$IcnB6XpT8xjWC$AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/ Verification error (correct password): <nil> Verification error (incorrect password): hashed value is not the hash of the given password
注意:我相信我的评论是错误的。密码哈希本身就是通过这种编码进行编码的,但盐似乎是真正的盐(只是当它随机生成时,使用了该编码中的字符)。
该库还支持其他哈希函数,但您确实需要为每个函数进行导入才能注册它。您还可以看到,我没有费心从 saltedpass
中分离盐;这也是您不需要担心的事情。
但是,如果您出于某种原因确实想隔离盐,那么还要注意,从一开始就计算 $
并不是一个安全的想法,因为它将无法处理像 $6$rounds=77777$ 这样的条目例如,正确地短 $wuqyw2yr.hbnpjjrhpyd/ifiw05xdfeeyqomxixbkvr0g
。使用 strings.lastindex(saltedpass, "$") + 1
作为切入点。
The above is the detailed content of Use Go to verify passwords based on hashed passwords in the /etc/shadow file. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Golangisidealforperformance-criticalapplicationsandconcurrentprogramming,whilePythonexcelsindatascience,rapidprototyping,andversatility.1)Forhigh-performanceneeds,chooseGolangduetoitsefficiencyandconcurrencyfeatures.2)Fordata-drivenprojects,Pythonisp

Golang achieves efficient concurrency through goroutine and channel: 1.goroutine is a lightweight thread, started with the go keyword; 2.channel is used for secure communication between goroutines to avoid race conditions; 3. The usage example shows basic and advanced usage; 4. Common errors include deadlocks and data competition, which can be detected by gorun-race; 5. Performance optimization suggests reducing the use of channel, reasonably setting the number of goroutines, and using sync.Pool to manage memory.

Golang is more suitable for system programming and high concurrency applications, while Python is more suitable for data science and rapid development. 1) Golang is developed by Google, statically typing, emphasizing simplicity and efficiency, and is suitable for high concurrency scenarios. 2) Python is created by Guidovan Rossum, dynamically typed, concise syntax, wide application, suitable for beginners and data processing.

Golang is better than Python in terms of performance and scalability. 1) Golang's compilation-type characteristics and efficient concurrency model make it perform well in high concurrency scenarios. 2) Python, as an interpreted language, executes slowly, but can optimize performance through tools such as Cython.

Go language has unique advantages in concurrent programming, performance, learning curve, etc.: 1. Concurrent programming is realized through goroutine and channel, which is lightweight and efficient. 2. The compilation speed is fast and the operation performance is close to that of C language. 3. The grammar is concise, the learning curve is smooth, and the ecosystem is rich.

The main differences between Golang and Python are concurrency models, type systems, performance and execution speed. 1. Golang uses the CSP model, which is suitable for high concurrent tasks; Python relies on multi-threading and GIL, which is suitable for I/O-intensive tasks. 2. Golang is a static type, and Python is a dynamic type. 3. Golang compiled language execution speed is fast, and Python interpreted language development is fast.

Golang is usually slower than C, but Golang has more advantages in concurrent programming and development efficiency: 1) Golang's garbage collection and concurrency model makes it perform well in high concurrency scenarios; 2) C obtains higher performance through manual memory management and hardware optimization, but has higher development complexity.

Golang is widely used in cloud computing and DevOps, and its advantages lie in simplicity, efficiency and concurrent programming capabilities. 1) In cloud computing, Golang efficiently handles concurrent requests through goroutine and channel mechanisms. 2) In DevOps, Golang's fast compilation and cross-platform features make it the first choice for automation tools.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

SublimeText3 English version
Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.