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HomeBackend DevelopmentGolangUse Go to verify passwords based on hashed passwords in the /etc/shadow file

使用 Go 根据 /etc/shadow 文件中的哈希密码验证密码

php小编子墨今天为大家介绍一种使用Go语言验证密码的方法,这个方法是基于读取/etc/shadow文件中的哈希密码进行验证的。在日常开发中,密码验证是一个非常重要的功能,而使用Go语言可以快速、高效地实现密码验证的功能。通过读取/etc/shadow文件中的哈希密码并进行比对,我们可以确保用户输入的密码与存储在系统中的密码一致。本文将详细介绍这个方法的实现过程,希望能对大家有所帮助。

问题内容

我目前在 /etc/shadow 文件中的密码格式类似于 $6$icnb6xpt8xjwc$ai9rq5hqpep.juts/tubhk/oi7so/s1aa.ihgbjhn12qmt5p44x5or86pso9/opbo4cmo0at4xumc0ycapo8 7/sha512加密密码)。我需要做的是验证密码(用户提供的密码和当前的哈希密码)。我正在 go 上实现这个。

我试图实现这一目标的方法是,获取用户提供的密码,使用与 /etc/shadow 中相同的盐对其进行哈希处理,并检查它们是否相似或不同。如何生成相同的哈希值并验证密码?

下面是我正在做的粗略代码(根据 amadan 对编码的评论进行了更新)

// this is what is stored on /etc/shadow - a hashed string of "test"
myPwd := "$6$IcnB6XpT8xjWC$AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/"
// getting the salt
salt := strings.Split(myPwd, "$")[2]


encoding := base64.NewEncoding("./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz").WithPadding(base64.NoPadding)
decodedSalt, err := encoding.DecodeString(salt)

// user provided password
myNewPwd := "test"

newHashedPwd, err := hashPwd512(string(myNewPwd), string(decodedSalt))

// comparision
if (newHashedPwd == myPwd) {
   // password is same, validate it
}

// What I'm expecting from this method is that for the same password stored in the /etc/shadow, 
// and the same salt, it should return (like the one in /etc/shadow file)
// AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/

func hashPwd512(pwd string, salt string) (string, error) {
    hash := sha512.New()
    hash.Write([]byte(salt))
    hash.Write([]byte(pwd))

    encoding := base64.NewEncoding("./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz").WithPadding(base64.NoPadding)

    hashedPwd := encoding.EncodeToString(hash.Sum(nil))
    return hashedPwd, nil
}

注意:密码通过passwdchpasswd设置/更改。

解决方法

sha512 是一种快速哈希。这对密码来说是不利的,因为当每次尝试几乎不需要花费任何成本时,暴力破解就变得非常容易。为了减慢速度,/etc/shadow 中的内容不仅仅是一个简单的 sha512 哈希值,而是 key拉伸适用于哈希算法运行数千次的情况。具体的密钥拉伸算法好像是这个。因此,crypto/sha512 只完成了所需任务的大约 1/5000(默认情况下)。

幸运的是,已经有人做了艰苦的工作;您可以在此处查看其实现。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"

    "github.com/gehirninc/crypt"
    _ "github.com/gehirninc/crypt/sha512_crypt"
)

func main() {
    saltedpass := "$6$icnb6xpt8xjwc$ai9rq5hqpep.juts/tubhk/oi7so/s1aa.ihgbjhn12qmt5p44x5or86pso9/opbo4cmo0at4xumc0ycapo87/"
    fmt.println("original: ", saltedpass)

    // make new hash from scratch
    plainpass := "test"
    crypt := crypt.sha512.new()
    newsaltedpass, err := crypt.generate([]byte(plainpass), []byte(saltedpass))
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.println("generated:", newsaltedpass)

    // verify a password (correct)
    err = crypt.verify(saltedpass, []byte(plainpass))
    fmt.println("verification error (correct password):  ", err)

    // verify a password (incorrect)
    badpass := "fail"
    err = crypt.verify(saltedpass, []byte(badpass))
    fmt.println("verification error (incorrect password):", err)
}

由于您只需要验证,因此 verify 快捷方式就足够了(它会在幕后为您生成 generate):

err = crypt.verify(saltedpass, []byte(plainpass))
if err == nil {
    fmt.println("fly, you fools!")
} else {
    fmt.println("you shall not pass!")
}

输出:

Original:  $6$IcnB6XpT8xjWC$AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/
Generated: $6$IcnB6XpT8xjWC$AI9Rq5hqpEP.Juts/TUbHk/OI7sO/S1AA.ihgBjHN12QmT5p44X5or86PsO9/oPBO4cmo0At4XuMC0yCApo87/
Verification error (correct password):   <nil>
Verification error (incorrect password): hashed value is not the hash of the given password

注意:我相信我的评论是错误的。密码哈希本身就是通过这种编码进行编码的,但盐似乎是真正的盐(只是当它随机生成时,使用了该编码中的字符)。

该库还支持其他哈希函数,但您确实需要为每个函数进行导入才能注册它。您还可以看到,我没有费心从 saltedpass 中分离盐;这也是您不需要担心的事情。

但是,如果您出于某种原因确实想隔离盐,那么还要注意,从一开始就计算 $ 并不是一个安全的想法,因为它将无法处理像 $6$rounds=77777$ 这样的条目例如,正确地短 $wuqyw2yr.hbnpjjrhpyd/ifiw05xdfeeyqomxixbkvr0g 。使用 strings.lastindex(saltedpass, "$") + 1 作为切入点。

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