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例如,如果列a被定义为unique,并且值为1,则下列语句有同样的效果,也就是说一旦出入的记录中存在a=1的情况,直接更新c = c + 1,而不执行c = 3的操作。
insert into table(a, b, c) values (1, 2, 3) on duplicate key
update c = c + 1;1 update table set c = c + 1 where a = 1;
另外值得一提的是,这个语句知识mysql中,而标准sql语句中是没有的。
INSERT INTO .. ON DUPLICATE KEY更新多行记录
如果在INSERT语句末尾指定了ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,并且插入行后会导致在一个UNIQUE索引或PRIMARY KEY中出现重复值,则执行旧行UPDATE;如果不会导致唯一值列重复的问题,则插入新行。例如,如果列a被定义为UNIQUE,并且包含值1,则以下两个语句具有相同的效果:
INSERT INTO TABLE (a,b,c)
VALUES (1,2,3) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;
UPDATE TABLE SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1;
如果行作为新记录被插入,则受影响行的值为1;如果原有的记录被更新,则受影响行的值为2。
如果你想了解更多关于INSERT INTO .. ON DUPLICATE KEY的功能说明,详见MySQL参考文档:13.2.4. INSERT语法
现在问题来了,如果INSERT多行记录, ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE后面字段的值怎么指定?要知道一条INSERT语句中只能有一个ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,到底他会更新一行记录,还是更新所有需要更新的行。这个问题困扰了我很久了,其实使用VALUES()函数一切问题都解决了。
举个例子,字段a被定义为UNIQUE,并且原数据库表table中已存在记录(2,2,9)和(3,2,1),如果插入记录的a值与原有记录重复,则更新原有记录,否则插入新行:
INSERT INTO TABLE (a,b,c) VALUES
(1,2,3),
(2,5,7),
(3,3,6),
(4,8,2)
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE b=VALUES(b);
以上SQL语句的执行,发现(2,5,7)中的a与原有记录(2,2,9)发生唯一值冲突,则执行ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,将原有记录(2,2,9)更新成(2,5,9),将(3,2,1)更新成(3,3,1),插入新记录(1,2,3)和(4,8,2)
注意:ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE只是MySQL的特有语法,并不是SQL标准语法!bitsCN.com

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