Learn the basics of Go language: from quickly mastering basic syntax to application

Getting Started Guide to Go Language: Quickly Master Basic Syntax and Applications

Go language (also known as Golang) is an open source programming language developed by Google. It is known for its simplicity, efficiency and concurrency, and has been widely used in cloud computing, network programming, system programming and other fields.

1. Basic syntax

1.1 Data type

Go language supports multiple basic data types, including:

• Integer: int, int8 , int16, int32, int64
• Floating point number: float32, float64
• String: string
• Boolean value: bool

1.2 Variable

Variables are used to store data. To declare a variable, you can use the following syntax:

var variable_name data_type

For example:

var age int
var name string

1.3 Constants

Constants are used to store immutable values. To declare a constant, you can use the following syntax:

const constant_name = value

For example:

const PI = 3.14
const MAX_VALUE = 100

1.4 Operators

The Go language supports a variety of operators, including:

• Arithmetic operators: , -, *, /, %
• Comparison operators: ==, !=, , =
• Logical operators: &&, ||, !

1.5 Control flow statement

Control flow statement is used to control the execution flow of the program. Go language supports a variety of control flow statements, including:

• if statement: used to execute conditional judgments
• switch statement: used to execute multi-way branches
• for Statement: used to execute the loop

1.6 Function

The function is the encapsulation of the code and can be called multiple times. To declare a function, you can use the following syntax:

func function_name(parameters) return_type {
    // function body
}

For example:

func add(a int, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

1.7 Package

A package is the organizational unit of code. A package can contain multiple source files. To declare a package, you can use the following syntax:

package package_name

For example:

package main

2. Application

2.1 Hello World

The following is a simple Hello World program:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, World!")
}

2.2 Calculate factorial

The following is a program to calculate factorial:

package main

import "fmt"

func factorial(n int) int {
    if n == 0 {
        return 1
    } else {
        return n * factorial(n-1)
    }
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(factorial(5))
}

2.3 Web service

The following is a simple Web service Program:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

3. Summary

Go language is a concise, efficient and concurrent programming language. It has been widely used in cloud computing, network programming, system programming and other fields. Through this guide, you have mastered the basic syntax and applications of the Go language. You can continue to study in depth and explore more features and application scenarios of the Go language.

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