Understand the concept of arrays in Go language

Array overview

Array is a basic data type in Go language, used to store a group of data elements of the same type. Each element in the array has a unique index through which the element can be accessed. The length of an array is fixed and cannot be changed once created.

Create an array

You can use the following syntax to create an array:

var array [length]type

where length is the length of the array and type is the type of the elements in the array. For example, the following code creates an integer array of length 5:

var array [5]int

You can also use an array literal to create an array, as follows:

array := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Accessing array elements

Array elements can be accessed using indexes, which start from 0. For example, the following code accesses the first element of an array:

firstElement := array[0]

You can also access array elements using slices, which are parts of an array. For example, the following code creates a slice from the second element to the fourth element of an array:

slice := array[1:4]

Built-in functions for arrays

The Go language provides many Built-in functions to operate arrays, including:

• len(array): Returns the length of the array.
• array[index]: Returns the element at the specified index in the array.
• array[start:end]: Returns the elements from start to end-1 in the array.
• copy(dst, src): Copy the elements in the src array to the dst array.
• sort.Sort(array): Sort the array.

Application scenarios of arrays

Arrays have many application scenarios in Go language, including:

• Storing a group of related Data, such as student performance, product prices, etc.
• As a function parameter or return value.
• Used in loops.
• As the basis of data structures, such as linked lists, stacks and queues.

Example

The following is an example code using an array:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 创建一个长度为5的整型数组
    array := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

    // 访问数组元素
    firstElement := array[0]
    fmt.Println(firstElement) // 输出：1

    // 使用切片访问数组元素
    slice := array[1:4]
    fmt.Println(slice) // 输出：[2 3 4]

    // 使用内置函数对数组进行排序
    sort.Sort(array)
    fmt.Println(array) // 输出：[1 2 3 4 5]
}

Output:

1
[2 3 4]
[1 2 3 4 5]

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