Home >Database >Mysql Tutorial >MYSQL 随机 抽取实现方法及效率分析_MySQL

MYSQL 随机 抽取实现方法及效率分析_MySQL

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-06-01 13:19:211303browse

bitsCN.com
请教怎么从数据库随机读出15条记录?
order by rand() limit 0,15
怎么从数据库随机读出所有记录?
order by rand()

但是,后来我查了一下MYSQL的官方手册,里面针对RAND()的提示大概意思就是,在ORDER BY从句里面不能使用RAND()函数,因为这样会导致数据列被多次扫描。但是在MYSQL 3.23版本中,仍然可以通过ORDER BY RAND()来实现随机。

但是真正测试一下才发现这样效率非常低。一个15万余条的库,查询5条数据,居然要8秒以上。查看官方手册,也说rand()放在ORDER BY 子句中会被执行多次,自然效率及很低。
You cannot use a column with RAND() values in an ORDER BY clause, because ORDER BY would evaluate the column multiple times.
搜索Google,网上基本上都是查询max(id) * rand()来随机获取数据。
SELECT *
FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
ORDER BY t1.id ASC LIMIT 5;

但是这样会产生连续的5条记录。解决办法只能是每次查询一条,查询5次。即便如此也值得,因为15万条的表,查询只需要0.01秒不到。

下面的语句采用的是JOIN,mysql的论坛上有人使用
SELECT *
FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT FLOOR( MAX(id) * RAND()) FROM `table` )
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

我测试了一下,需要0.5秒,速度也不错,但是跟上面的语句还是有很大差距。总觉有什么地方不正常。

于是我把语句改写了一下。
SELECT * FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT floor(RAND() * (SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)))
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

这下,效率又提高了,查询时间只有0.01秒

最后,再把语句完善一下,加上MIN(id)的判断。我在最开始测试的时候,就是因为没有加上MIN(id)的判断,结果有一半的时间总是查询到表中的前面几行。
完整查询语句是:
SELECT * FROM `table`
WHERE id >= (SELECT floor( RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) + (SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)))
ORDER BY id LIMIT 1;

SELECT *
FROM `table` AS t1 JOIN (SELECT ROUND(RAND() * ((SELECT MAX(id) FROM `table`)-(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`))+(SELECT MIN(id) FROM `table`)) AS id) AS t2
WHERE t1.id >= t2.id
ORDER BY t1.id LIMIT 1;

最后在php中对这两个语句进行分别查询10次,
前者花费时间 0.147433 秒
后者花费时间 0.015130 秒
看来采用JOIN的语法比直接在WHERE中使用函数效率还要高很多。bitsCN.com

Statement:
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn