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MySQL常用内置函数
说明:
1)可以用在SELECT/UPDATE/DELETE中,及where,orderby,having中
2)在函数里将字段名作为参数,变量的值就是字段所对应的每一行的值。
3)在程序设计语言如C++中提供的函数,MySQL大部分也提供了,关于MySQL函数的完整信息,请参阅《MySQL参考手册》
一、字符串函数【比较常用,需要掌握】
1、 concat(s1,s2,...,sn) #把传入的参数连接成一个字符串
selectconcat('abc','def');
selectconcat(name,' age is ',age) from users;
2、insert(str,m,n,inser_str) #将str的从m位置开始的n个字符替换为inser_str
selectinsert('abcdef',2,3,'123456');
selectinsert(name,3,2,'HAHA') from users;
selectinsert(name,2,2,'00') from users;
3、lower(str)/upper(str) #将字符串str转换成小写/大写
selectlower('HELLO'),upper('hello');
selectlower('HELLO') as 'HELLO',upper('hello')as 'HELLO';
select* from users where upper(name) = 'AAA';
4、left(str,n)/right(str,n) #分别返回str最左边/最右边的n个字符,如果n NULL 则任何东西不返回
selectleft('123',3),right('123456',3),left('123',NULL);
5、lpad(str,n,pad)/rpad(str,n,pad) #用字符串pad对str的最左边/最右边进行填充,知道满足str含有n个字符为止
selectname,lpad(name,10,'#'),rpad(name,10,'@') from users;
6、trim(str)/ltrim(str)/rtrim(str) #去除字符串str左右空格/左空格/右空格
selectconcat('#',trim(" abc "),'#'),concat('#',ltrim(' abc '),'#'),concat('#',rtrim(' abc '),'#');
7、replace(str,sear_str,sub_str) #将字符串str中所有出现的sear_str字符串替换为sub_str
select replace('abcdefgabcd','cd','XXX') ;
8、strcmp(str1,str2) #以ASCII码比较字符串str1,str2,返回-1(str1 str2)
selectstrcmp('aa','bb'),strcmp('aa','aa'),strcmp('bb','aa');
9、substring(str,n,m) #返回字符串str中从n起,m个字符长度的字符串
selectsubstring('abcdef',2,3);
selectname,substring(name,1,2) as subname from users;
二、数值函数
1、abs(x) #返回x的绝对值
selectabs(10),abs(-10);
selectabs(age) from users;
2、ceil(x) #返回大于x的最小整数
3、floor(x) #返回小于x的最大整数
selectceil(2.1),ceil(2.5),ceil(2.9),floor(2.1),floor(2.5),floor(2.9);
4、mod(x,y) #返回x/y的模,与x%y作用相同
selectmod(null,11);
5、rand() #返回0~1之间的随机数
selectrand();
selectceil(rand() * 100); #取0~100之间的整数随机数
selectfloor(rand() * 100);
6、round(n,m) #返回n四舍五入之后含有m位小数的值,m值默认为0
selectround(1.23);
selectround(1.456,2);
7、truncate(n,m) #返回数字n被截断为m位小数的数值
selecttruncate(1.234,2);
selecttruncate(1.235,2),round(1.235,2);
三、日期函数
1、curdate() #返回当前日期
2、curtime() #返回当前时间
selectcurdate(),curtime();
3、now() #返回当前日期+时间
selectnow();
4、unix_timestamp(now())#返回unix当前时间的时间戳
selectunix_timestamp(now()); #从计算机元年(1971-1-100:00:00)到现在的秒数
5、from_unixtime() #将时间戳(整数)转换为“日期+时间(xx-xx-xxxx:xx:xx)”的形式
selectfrom_unixtime(1392853616);
6、week(now()) #返回当前时间是第几周
7、year(now()) #返回当前是XX年
8、hour(now())/hour(curtime()) #返回当前时间的小时数
9、minute(curtime()) #返回当期的分钟数
...
selectweek(now()),year(now()),hour(now());
selectweek(from_unixtime(1392853616)); #返回unix时间戳中的周期数
10、monthname(now())/monthname(curdate()) #返回当前月的英文名
11、date_format(now(),"%Y-%M-%D%H:%I%S") #将当期时间格式化
selectdate_format(now(),"%Y-%m-%d %H:%i%s");
selectdate_format(now(),"%y%m%d %H:%i%s");
四、流程控制函数
1、if(value,true,false) #如果value值为真,则返回true,否则,返回false
selectif (salary > 3000,'Hight','Low') from salary;
selectid,salary, if (salary NULL,'NULL','NOT NULL') from salary;
2、ifnull(value1,value2)#如果value1不为空,则返回value1,不然返回value2
#可以用来进行空值替换
selectifnull(salary,0.00) from salary;
3、casewhen [value] then … else …end #如果value值为真,执行then之后的语句,不然执行eles后的语句,不要忘记end!
selectcase when salary
五、其他函数
1、database() #当前数据库
2、version() #当前数据库版本
3、user() #当前登录用户
selectdatabase();
4、inet_aton(ip) #ip地址的网络字节顺序
selectinet_aton('192.168.139.1');
5、inet_ntoa #返回数字所代表的ip
selectinet_ntoa(3232271105);
6、password(str) #返回加密的str字符串
selectpassword("123456"); #返回一个41位长的加密字符串,只是用于给MySQL系统用户进行加密
7、md5() #在应用程序中进行数据加密,比如在C++程序中
selectmd5(“123456”);
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