Web Front-endHTML TutorialLearn the basic knowledge and skills of HTML responsive layout, starting from scratchLearn the basic knowledge and skills of HTML responsive layout, starting from scratch
Learn the basic knowledge and skills of HTML responsive layout
With the popularity of mobile devices, responsive layout has become an essential skill for designing and developing websites. Responsive layout allows the website to automatically adjust layout and display effects under different screen sizes, providing a better user experience. This article will introduce how to learn the basic knowledge and skills of HTML responsive layout from scratch, and provide specific code examples.
1. HTML media queries
Media queries are one of the cornerstones of responsive layout. It can apply different style sheets based on the device's screen size, orientation, resolution and other characteristics. Media queries are defined using the @media rule. Here is a simple media query example:
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
The meaning of this code is to set the background color of the body to light blue when the screen width is less than or equal to 600 pixels. Various CSS properties and values can be used in media queries to achieve complex layout adjustments.
2. Fluid layout
Fluid layout is a common responsive layout mode, which automatically adjusts the size and order of web page content according to the screen width. In a fluid layout, the width of an element is generally a percentage relative to its parent element. The following is a simple fluid layout example:
<div class="container">
<div class="box">Box 1</div>
<div class="box">Box 2</div>
<div class="box">Box 3</div>
</div>
<style>
.container {
width: 100%;
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.box {
width: 33.33%;
background-color: lightgray;
padding: 10px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
.box {
width: 50%;
}
}
</style>In the above code, the container element uses flex layout, and the box elements are arranged according to percentages. When the screen width is less than or equal to 600 pixels, the width of the box element is adjusted to 50% through media queries.
3. Elastic Grid Layout
Elastic grid layout is a more advanced responsive layout mode that uses CSS grid layout features to achieve automatic adjustment of multiple columns. Flexible grid layout automatically adjusts the grid's column count and size based on the screen width and element size. The following is a simple elastic grid layout example:
<div class="container">
<div class="box">Box 1</div>
<div class="box">Box 2</div>
<div class="box">Box 3</div>
</div>
<style>
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
grid-gap: 10px;
}
.box {
background-color: lightgray;
padding: 10px;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
</style>In the above code, the container element uses grid layout and defines the minimum and maximum width of each column through the grid-template-columns attribute. Through the repeat function and the auto-fit keyword, the effect of automatically adjusting the number of columns can be achieved.
4. CSS Framework
In addition to manually writing HTML and CSS code, you can also use some ready-made CSS frameworks to simplify the development of responsive layout. Commonly used CSS frameworks include Bootstrap, Foundation, etc. These frameworks provide a rich set of components and styles that help quickly build responsive layouts. The following is an example using the Bootstrap framework:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">Box 1</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">Box 2</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">Box 3</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>In the above code, Bootstrap's grid system is used to implement responsive layout. Through the col class and different screen breakpoints, you can define the width and arrangement of elements under different screen sizes.
Summary:
Learning HTML responsive layout from scratch requires mastering basic knowledge and skills such as media queries, fluid layout, and elastic grid layout. Through continuous practice and experimentation, you can deepen your understanding of responsive layout and improve your layout capabilities. In addition, using CSS frameworks can speed up development and improve efficiency. I hope the code examples provided in this article can help readers better learn and practice HTML responsive layout.
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