以下所列示例中中 `table_name` 表示数据表名,`index_name` 表示索引名,column list 表示字段列表(如:`id`,`order_id`)。
1、创建索引
索引的创建可以在CREATE TABLE语句中进行,也可以单独用CREATE INDEX或ALTER TABLE来给表增加索引。以下命令语句分别展示了如何创建主键索引(PRIMARY KEY),联合索引(UNIQUE)和普通索引(INDEX)的方法。
mysql>ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD INDEX `index_name` (column list);
mysql>ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD UNIQUE `index_name` (column list);
mysql>ALTER TABLE `table_name` ADD PRIMARY KEY `index_name` (column list);
mysql>CREATE INDEX `index_name` ON `table_name` (column_list);
mysql>CREATE UNIQUE INDEX `index_name` ON `table_name` (column_list);
例如:
mysql>ALTER TABLE `article` ADD INDEX `id`;//给article表增加id索引
或者:
mysql>ALTER TABLE `article` ADD INDEX (`id`,`order_id`);给article表增加id索引,order_id索引
2、重建索引
重建索引在常规的数据库维护操作中经常使用。在数据库运行了较长时间后,索引都有损坏的可能,这时就需要重建。对数据重建索引可以起到提高检索效率。
mysql> REPAIR TABLE `table_name` QUICK;
3、查询数据表索引
MySQL查询表索引命令的有两种命令形式:
mysql> SHOW INDEX FROM `table_name`;
或者:
mysql> SHOW keys FROM `table_name`;
运行以上命令得到的结果将如下图,下面将将所得的结果中每列的意思做一下说明。
Table 表的名称。
Non_unique 如果索引不能包括重复词,则为0。如果可以,则为1。
Key_name 索引的名称。
Seq_in_index 索引中的列序列号,从1开始。
Column_name 列名称。
Collation 列以什么方式存储在索引中。在MySQL中,有值‘A'(升序)或NULL(无分类)。
Cardinality 索引中唯一值的数目的估计值。通过运行ANALYZE TABLE或myisamchk -a可以更新。基数根据被存储为整数的统计数据来计数,所以即使对于小型表,该值也没有必要是精确的。基数越大,当进行联合时,MySQL使用该索引的机 会就越大。
Sub_part 如果列只是被部分地编入索引,则为被编入索引的字符的数目。如果整列被编入索引,则为NULL。
Packed 指示关键字如何被压缩。如果没有被压缩,则为NULL。
Null 如果列含有NULL,则含有YES。如果没有,则该列含有NO。
Index_type 用过的索引方法(BTREE, FULLTEXT, HASH, RTREE)。
Comment 更多评注。
4、删除索引
删除索引可以使用ALTER TABLE或DROP INDEX语句来实现。DROP INDEX可以在ALTER TABLE内部作为一条语句处理,其格式如下:
mysql>DROP index `index_name` ON `table_name` (column list);
mysql>ALTER TABLE `table_name` DROP INDEX `index_name` (column list);
mysql>ALTER TABLE `table_name` DROP UNIQUE `index_name` (column list);
mysql>ALTER TABLE `table_name` DROP PRIMARY KEY `index_name` (column list);
在前面的三条语句中,都删除了table_name中的索引index_name。而在最后一条语句中,只在删除PRIMARY KEY索引中使用,因为一个表只可能有一个PRIMARY KEY索引,因此也可不指定索引名。如果没有创建PRIMARY KEY索引,但表具有一个或多个UNIQUE索引,则MySQL将删除第一个UNIQUE索引。如果从表中删除某列,则索引会受影响。对于多列组合的索引,如果删除其中的某列,则该列也会从索引中删除。如果删除组成索引的所有列,则整个索引将被删除。

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