In-depth understanding of the OP Mainnet network: What kind of chain is OP Mainnet?

Previously, Optimism officially announced that the Optimism chain has been renamed OP Mainnet. Some people may ask what chain OP Mainnet is? According to current information, OP Mainnet is an open source super chain dedicated to funding public goods in a sustainable manner. It is one of many L2 chains that can communicate seamlessly with Base, ZoraNetwork, PGN, Redstone and other chains, but it It is not a single blockchain, it represents twenty entire super chain networks. The editor below will talk about this OP Mainnet in detail to help you understand the OP Mainnet network.

What chain is OP Mainnet?

OP Mainnet is a Layer 2 extension solution for the Ethereum network, using the Optimistic Rollup protocol to achieve fast, simple and secure transaction processing. It is designed to solve the problem of transaction congestion and high gas fees on the Ethereum chain. OP Mainnet can improve the performance of Ethereum by moving the calculation and storage on the Ethereum mainnet to Layer 2 for processing and compression. The compressed data is then uploaded to the Ethereum mainnet, enabling the expansion of Ethereum.

Ethereum Layer 2 network Optimism announced on its official social media that they decided to rename the network OP Mainnet in order to combine the OP Mainnet blockchain itself with the collective and atmosphere represented by Optimism (optimism). Distinguish between spirit and so on. As the first chain, OP Mainnet has nurtured a prosperous ecosystem of apps, users and developers and become their home. OP Mainnet will continue to maintain its neutral blockspace role.

Applications deployed on OP Mainnet will be able to be their own chain, or be deployed on multiple chains, providing better interoperability. With the establishment of the super chain, the Optimism ecosystem will become a true home for applications and developers, supporting the next stage of the expansion journey. This will make the entire ecosystem look completely different.

How does OP Mainnet work?

OP Mainnet is an Optimistic Rollup protocol. When a transaction is submitted, the transaction data is written to the Ethereum mainnet, but the transaction is executed by a single node, the sequencer, rather than being confirmed by thousands of Ethereum nodes. This reduces transaction costs, while the challenge mechanism ensures that the orderer is honest and trustworthy.

The limited capacity of Ethereum is mainly due to the limitations of the blockchain trilemma. In order to achieve decentralization, as many people as possible need to run nodes, which results in the number of transactions processed per minute being limited by the capacity of standard hardware. This limits scalability because it creates security risks if every node processes every transaction. Therefore, Ethereum needs to find other ways to increase capacity and scale to meet the growing transaction demand.

Solutions built on top of Ethereum are called Layer 2 or L2, while Ethereum itself is called Layer 1 or L1. In the OP mainnet, a solution called Optimistic Rollup is adopted. In this scenario, all transactions are published on Layer 1, so data integrity and availability are guaranteed by the Ethereum network.

Optimistic Rollups use economic incentives to ensure the correctness of off-chain data processing. The Sequencer node publishes the merkle root of the blockchain state on L1 (i.e., the state root). A validator node can raise a failure challenge if it believes the state root is incorrect. In the event of a failure challenge, partial transactions are executed on L1 to verify the correct state root. In this way, Optimistic Rollups ensure accuracy in data processing.

Sorters that publish correct state roots and validators that challenge incorrect state roots are rewarded for their honesty. Orderers that publish incorrect state roots are penalized for dishonesty. Validators who challenge correct results may be used as a denial of service attack and will be punished. A state is considered correct if it has not been challenged within the challenge period (7 days on OP Mainnet). As long as there is at least one honest validator, the state will eventually become the correct one - the economic incentives are aligned with honesty.

There is also an official cross-chain bridge that allows users to use this mechanism to deposit into OP Mainnet and withdraw money from it. Withdrawing requires you to wait the duration of the challenge period (until the blockchain state becomes undisputed), while withdrawals are also faster from third-party cross-chain bridges that run their own validators because they know the submitted state is correct of.

OP Mainnet has been verified by a series of smart contracts on the Ethereum mainnet, which means that all necessary data is written to the blockchain, and it also inherits the availability and strong security performance of Ethereum. However, cost and security cannot have both. Ethereum is very expensive and safe. OP Mainnet is slightly less expensive than Ethereum and has relatively low security. In short, OP Mainnet allows users to send transactions similar to Ethereum, and has the two important advantages of faster transaction speeds and significantly lower handling fees.

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