MySQL主从复制的原理及配置方法（比较详细）

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MySQL主从复制的原理及配置方法（比较详细）_MySQL

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Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:14 PM

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一、复制的原理

MySQL 复制基于主服务器在二进制日志中跟踪所有对数据库的更改(更新、删除等等)。每个从服务器从主服务器接收主服务器已经记录到其二进制日志的保存的更新，以便从服务器可以对其数据拷贝执行相同的更新。

将主服务器的数据拷贝到从服务器的一个途径是使用LOAD DATA FROM MASTER语句。请注意LOAD DATA FROM MASTER目前只在所有表使用MyISAM存储引擎的主服务器上工作。并且，该语句将获得全局读锁定。

MySQL 使用3个线程来执行复制功能,其中1个在主服务器上，另两个在从服务器上。当发出START SLAVE时，从服务器创建一个I/O线程，以连接主服务器并让它发送记录在其二进制日志中的语句。
主服务器创建一个线程将二进制日志中的内容发送到从服务器。该线程可以识别为主服务器上SHOW PROCESSLIST的输出中的Binlog Dump线程。
从服务器I/O线程读取主服务器Binlog Dump线程发送的内容并将该数据拷贝到从服务器数据目录中的本地文件中，即中继日志。
第3个线程是SQL线程，是从服务器创建用于读取中继日志并执行日志中包含的更新。
有多个从服务器的主服务器创建为每个当前连接的从服务器创建一个线程；每个从服务器有自己的I/O和SQL线程。

二、复制线程的状态

1.复制主线程的状态

Sending binlog event to slave
二进制日志由各种事件组成，一个事件通常为一个更新加一些其它信息。线程已经从二进制日志读取了一个事件并且正将它发送到从服务器。
Finished reading one binlog; switching to next binlog
线程已经读完二进制日志文件并且正打开下一个要发送到从服务器的日志文件。
Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
线程已经从二进制日志读取所有主要的更新并已经发送到了从服务器。线程现在正空闲，等待由主服务器上新的更新导致的出现在二进制日志中的新事件。
Waiting to finalize termination
线程停止时发生的一个很简单的状态。

2.复制从I/O线程状态

Connecting to master
线程正试图连接主服务器。

Checking master version
建立同主服务器之间的连接后立即临时出现的状态。

Registering slave on master
建立同主服务器之间的连接后立即临时出现的状态。

Requesting binlog dump
建立同主服务器之间的连接后立即临时出现的状态。线程向主服务器发送一条请求，索取从请求的二进制日志文件名和位置开始的二进制日志的内容。

Waiting to reconnect after a failed binlog dump request
如果二进制日志转储请求失败(由于没有连接)，线程进入睡眠状态，然后定期尝试重新连接。可以使用

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