An in-depth exploration of the structural aspects and functions of OP Stack

OP Stack is an open source blockchain framework announced by Optimism Collective, the development group behind the Optimism Network. It is an important tool for both the Ethereum and Optimism communities. The main goal of OP Stack is to strengthen the Optimism network and provide key software tools to the Optimism Mainnet, as well as the upcoming Optimism Superchain and its governance model. By providing a developer-oriented environment, the core idea of ​​OP Stack is to promote growth and innovation in the Ethereum space. It paves the way for cutting-edge developments and makes blockchain creation simpler.

OP Stack’s basic belief is that the future era will not be monopolized by either a single-chain model or a multi-chain model. Instead, a unified chain network, provisionally dubbed Superchain, is expected to rise and enhance the entire ecosystem. OP Stack consists of several software parts describing various levels of the Optimism environment. These elements can form specific hierarchies or exist as independent units.

While the main focus of OP Stack is L2 blockchain infrastructure, it is expected to expand to other areas such as block search tools, communication systems, governance structures, etc. The latest version of the OP Stack, Optimism Bedrock, promotes the launch of the premium Optimistic Rollup blockchain. The interfaces at each level are closely linked to this Rollup setup, ensuring seamless linking and modification of units to suit different operational needs.

A key feature of OP Stack is its adaptive blockchain approach to ensure long-term relevance. This stack simplifies the proof layer when migrating to another chain. As long as the proof layer is aligned with the proof interface, it can be easily integrated into the framework, ensuring a consistent user interface. This flexibility provides Optimism with the opportunity to adopt new proof methods in the future.

Core Design Philosophy

OP Stack is a set of software tools customized for designing L2 blockchain systems. It has been carefully assembled by the Optimism Collective to enhance the Optimism infrastructure. When integrating tools into OP Stack, three basic design principles were followed: Utility, Simplicity, and Extensibility. These principles are viewed as vital components that bring tremendous value to Optimism Collective.

Utility Utility

In order for a software feature to be integrated into the OP Stack, it must substantially enhance the Optimism Collective. This criterion is critical for evaluating whether a component fits into the stack. For example, a reliable open source block search tool that helps users vet Superchain would be a valuable addition to the stack. Of course, practicality is very important, but also innovation and novel ideas should be encouraged. Even if the immediate use is not obvious, start pioneering efforts and conceive of groundbreaking projects. The overall goal is to cultivate a strong ecosystem under the Optimism Collective banner and enjoy the process.

Simplicity

In order to maintain simplicity and avoid including complex code in the OP Stack, this point is emphasized to reduce technical complexity and enable people to focus on innovation rather than redundancy. remaining tasks. The choice of Geth as the default engine for OP Stack was driven by the emphasis on proven code and systems. A clean code base is important for both security and ease of management. Every line of coding can be a potential entry point for error, so concise protocols minimize the risk. In addition, the streamlined code base encourages external participation and ensures the integrity of the OP Stack.

Extensibility

The true essence of OP Stack coding is its adaptability and extensibility. This is achieved by promoting teamwork to avoid siled development approaches. A united effort means more time spent on innovation, rather than redundant tasks. Cooperation is our path to victory together. At the same time, scalable code is designed anticipating future expansion. To do this, we follow open source guidelines, provide an intuitive interface, and ensure the modular nature of the code so that others can easily add to its functionality. Scalability is critical and ignites the full potential of collaboration within the Optimism Collective ecosystem.

Various layers of OP Stack

Data Availability Data Availability

This layer defines where OP Stack’s raw input data is published based on the chain. Chains on the OP Stack can use one or more Data Availability data modules to access input data. The choice of modules has a significant impact on the security model and synchronization capabilities. For example, if data becomes inaccessible, chain synchronization may be affected, which emphasizes the importance of choosing modules wisely.

Ethereum DA Ethereum DA

Currently, the Ethereum Data Availability (DA) Ethereum data availability module is the first choice for OP Stack. It pulls data from various sources on the Ethereum blockchain, such as Ethereum calldata, events, and 4844 data blobs. Its widespread adoption demonstrates its efficiency within the Optimism ecosystem.

Sequencing Sequence

This layer organizes and publishes user transactions. Typically, a dedicated Sequencer entity manages sequencing in the default Rollup configuration. Established rules limit the sequencer's holdings on transactions, ensuring timely processing. A future modular design would let chains choose their sequencing mechanism, emphasizing adaptability.

Single Sequencer Single Sequencer

By default, Single Sequencer is used. A specified entity becomes the sequencer, and a transparent selection mechanism ensures its efficient operation.

Multiple Sequencer Multiple Sequencer

Single Sequencer An alternative to Single Sequencer is Multiple Sequencer, where a sequencer is selected from a set list. This approach provides the chain with more control over the sequential process.

Derivation

This layer processes raw data from the Data Availability Layer and converts it into input to the Execution Layer through the Ethereum Engine API. It can customize input from a variety of sources and ensure compatibility with data provided by the Data Availability Layer.

Rollup

The Rollup module pulls input from multiple sources, such as Ethereum block data and Sequencer transaction batches.

Settlement Layer Settlement Layer

This layer enables third-party chains to understand the status of the OP Stack chain. Although often associated with financial withdrawals, its core purpose is to provide access to chain state. Once a transaction is confirmed on the Data Availability Layer, its status becomes permanent on the OP Stack.

Attestation-based Fault Proof Statement-based fault proof

This mechanism uses an optimistic protocol. The proposer proposes a state that is considered correct, and if it goes unchallenged for a period of time, it is accepted. Challenges rely on declarations from predefined parties.

Fault Proof Optimistic Settlement Fault Proof Optimistic Settlement

This mechanism is similar to the statement-based approach, but uses a fault proof process. Its reliability depends on the reliability of the fault-proof construction.

Validity Proof Settlement Validity Proof Settlement

This mechanism requires mathematical proof to confirm the correctness of the state. Status will only be recognized if supported by valid certification.

Governance

This overarching layer manages system configuration, upgrades, and design within the OP Stack ecosystem. It exerts influence on the OP Stack and serves as a decision-making center aligned with the community.

Multi Sig Contracts Multi-Sig Contracts

These are smart contracts activated by a specified number of signatures from a group. For example, on Optimism Mainnet, they are responsible for managing cross-chain contract upgrades. Their security depends on the number of participants, signature thresholds, and participant practices.

Governance Tokens Governance Tokens

These tokens decentralize decision making. Their functions vary, but generally, they enable token holders to vote on project decisions. Members holding such tokens have a say in the trajectory of the project, promoting democracy and inclusivity in the ecosystem.

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