Reveal the storage location analysis of pip installation package

pip is a Python package management tool that can easily install, upgrade and uninstall various Python packages. When you use pip to install a package, it automatically downloads the source code of the package and installs it into the system. During the installation process, pip will store the package to a specific location, which determines how we reference the installed package in our code.

Generally, pip will store packages in Python's site-packages directory, which is a place that is automatically generated when Python is installed to store third-party packages. Its path can be obtained through the following code:

import site
print(site.getsitepackages())

Output example:
['/usr/local/lib/python3. 7/site-packages']

The paths in the above results will vary depending on the operating system. The site-packages directory under this path stores folders of packages that have been installed through pip.

We can view the packages installed in the system and their storage locations through the following steps:

1. Open the terminal (Mac or Linux) or command line prompt (Windows);
2. Run the following command:

pip list --format=columns

This command will list all packages installed in the current system, and display their version number and location. Location.

For individual pip installed packages, you can add the package name after the pip list command to filter, for example:

pip list numpy

This command will only list the name For the numpy package, its version number and storage location.

Sometimes, we may encounter the coexistence of multiple Python versions. In this case, each Python version has its own site-packages directory. The site-packages directory used by the Python interpreter by default can be obtained by the following code:

import site
print(site.getsitepackages()[0])

Output example:
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

In addition to the site-packages directory, there is also a directory called dist-packages, which is also used to store third-party packages. The dist-packages directory is similar to site-packages, but it is used to store Python packages installed by Linux package management systems (such as apt).

In addition to the default site-packages or dist-packages directory, sometimes we may want to install packages to other locations. When using pip to install, you can specify the installation path of the package through the parameter --target. For example, to install a package into the lib folder in the current working directory, you can run the following command:

pip install package_name --target=./lib

In this way, the installed package will Stored in the lib folder under the current working directory.

To summarize, the storage location of packages installed by pip is generally Python's site-packages directory or dist-packages directory. We can view the storage location of installed packages through the pip list command, or install the package to the location we specify by using the --target parameter.

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