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我的MYSQL学习心得(八)

我的MYSQL学习心得(一)

我的MYSQL学习心得(二)

我的MYSQL学习心得(三)

我的MYSQL学习心得(四)

我的MYSQL学习心得(五)

我的MYSQL学习心得(六)

我的MYSQL学习心得(七)

 

这一篇《我的MYSQL学习心得(七)》将会讲解MYSQL的插入、更新和删除语句

同样的,只会讲解跟SQLSERVER不同的地方

 

插入

将多行查询结果插入到表中

语法

INSERT INTO table_name1(column_list1) SELECT (column_list2) FROM table_name2 WHERE (condition)

INSERT INTO SELECT 在SQLSERVER里也是支持的

table_name1指定待插入数据的表;column_list1指定待插入表中要插入数据的哪些列;table_name2指定插入数据是从

哪个表中查询出来的;column_list2指定数据来源表的查询列,该列表必须和column_list1列表中的字段个数相同,数据类型相同;

condition指定SELECT语句的查询条件

 

从person_old表中查询所有的记录,并将其插入到person表

CREATE TABLE person (  id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  NAME CHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',  age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,  info CHAR(50) NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (id))CREATE TABLE person_old (  id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  NAME CHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',  age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,  info CHAR(50) NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (id))INSERT INTO person_oldVALUES (11,'Harry',20,'student'),(12,'Beckham',31,'police')SELECT * FROM person_old

 可以看到,插入记录成功,person_old表现在有两条记录。接下来将person_oldperson_old表中的所有记录插入到person表

INSERT INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;SELECT * FROM person 

可以看到数据转移成功,这里的id字段为自增的主键,在插入时要保证该字段值的唯一性,如果不能确定,可以插入的时候忽略该字段,

只插入其他字段的值

如果再执行一次就会出错

 

MYSQL和SQLSERVER的区别:

区别一

当要导入的数据中有重复值的时候,MYSQL会有三种方案

方案一:使用 ignore 关键字
方案二:使用 replace into
方案三:ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE

第二和第三种方案这里不作介绍,因为比较复杂,而且不符合要求,这里只讲第一种方案

TRUNCATE TABLE personTRUNCATE TABLE persona_old INSERT INTO person_oldVALUES (11,'Harry',20,'student'),(12,'Beckham',31,'police')##注意下面这条insert语句是没有ignore关键字的INSERT  INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;INSERT INTO person_old VALUES (13,'kay',26,'student')##注意下面这条insert语句是有ignore关键字的INSERT IGNORE INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;

 

可以看到插入成功

 

SQLSERVER

在SQLSERVER这边,如果要忽略重复键,需要在建表的时候指定 WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON) ON [PRIMARY] 

这样在插入重复值的时候,SQLSERVER第一次会保留值,第二次发现有重复值的时候,SQLSERVER就会忽略掉

 

区别二

插入自增列时的区别

SQLSERVER需要使用 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 表名 ON 才能把自增字段的值插入到表中,如果不加 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 表名 ON 

则在插入数据到表中时,不能指定自增字段的值,则id字段不能指定值,SQLSERVER会自动帮你自动增加一

INSERTINTO person(NAME,age,info) VALUES ('feicy',33,'student')

 

而MYSQL则不需要,而且自由度非常大

你可以将id字段的值指定为NULL,MYSQL会自动帮你增一

INSERTINTO person(id,NAME,age,info) VALUES (NULL,'feicy',33,'student')

 

也可以指定值

INSERT IGNORE INTO person(id,NAME,age,info) VALUES (16,'tom',88,'student')

也可以不写id的值,MYSQL会自动帮你增一

INSERT IGNORE INTO person(NAME,age,info) VALUES ('amy',12,'bb')

你可以指定id字段的值也可以不指定,指定的时候只要当前id字段列没有你正在插入的那个值就可以,即没有重复值就可以

自由度非常大,而且无须指定 SET IDENTITY_INSERT 表名 ON 选项

 

区别三

唯一索引的NULL值重复问题

MYSQL

在MYSQL中UNIQUE 索引将会对null字段失效

insert into test(a) values(null) insert into test(a) values(null) 

上面的插入语句是可以重复插入的(联合唯一索引也一样)

SQLSERVER

SQLSERVER则不行

CREATE TABLE person (  id INT  NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1),  NAME CHAR(40)  NULL DEFAULT '',  age INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,  info CHAR(50) NULL,  PRIMARY KEY (id))CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IX_person_unique ON [dbo].[person](name)INSERT INTO [dbo].[person]        ( [NAME], [age], [info] )VALUES  ( NULL, -- NAME - char(40)          1, -- age - int          'aa'  -- info - char(50)          ),          ( NULL, -- NAME - char(40)          2, -- age - int          'bb'  -- info - char(50)          )
消息 2601,级别 14,状态 1,第 1 行不能在具有唯一索引“IX_person_unique”的对象“dbo.person”中插入重复键的行。重复键值为 (<null>)。语句已终止。</null>

 


更新

更新比较简单,就不多说了

UPDATE person SET info ='police' WHERE id BETWEEN 14 AND 17SELECT * FROM person


删除

删除person表中一定范围的数据

DELETE FROM  person  WHERE id BETWEEN 14 AND 17SELECT * FROM person

如果要删除表的所有记录可以使用下面的两种方法

##方法一DELETE     FROM person##方法二TRUNCATE TABLE  person

跟SQLSERVER一样,TRUNCATE TABLE会比DELETE FROM TABLE 快

MYISAM引擎下的测试结果,30行记录

 

 

跟SQLSERVER一样,执行完TRUNCATE TABLE后,自增字段重新从一开始。

################################INSERT IGNORE INTO person(id,NAME,age,info)SELECT id,NAME,age,info FROM person_old;SELECT * FROM personTRUNCATE TABLE  personINSERT IGNORE INTO person(NAME,age,info) VALUES ('amy',12,'bb')SELECT * FROM person

当你刚刚truncate了表之后执行下面语句就会看到重新从一开始

SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'person'


总结

这一节介绍了MYSQL里的的插入、更新和删除,并且比较了与SQLSERVER的区别,特别是MYSQL里插入语句的灵活性

刚刚开始从SQLSERVER转过来可能会有一些不适应

 

 

如有不对的地方,欢迎大家拍砖o(∩_∩)o 

 

参考资料

mysql忽略主键冲突、避免重复插入的几种方式

SQLSERVER忽略重复键进行数据导入的解决方案

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