SQL基础:
SQL简介
- SQL: Structure Query Language(结构化查询语句), 是我们与数据库交互的一种方式。
(MySQL)使用入门
- SQL分类:
1. DDL(Data Definition Language),数据定义语言。主要操作对象为数据库,表,字段,索引等。
2. DML(Data Manipulation Language), 数据操纵语句。主要操作数据库表记录。
3. DCL(Data Control Language), 数据控制语言。主要对表,字段等进行安全控制和授权。
DDL语句
- 创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE <数据库名>;
- 删除数据库
DROP DATABASE <数据库名>;
- 创建表
CREATE TABLE <表名> ( 列名1, 数据类型1, 约束条件1, 列名2, 数据类型2, 约束条件2, ...)例如:
CREATE TABLE emp( ename VARCHAR(10) COMMENT '雇员名称', hiredate DATETIME COMMENT '雇佣时间', sal DECIMAL(10, 2) COMMENT '薪水', deptno INT(2) COMMENT '部门编号');
- 查看表信息
- 查看创建表的详细信息
- 删除表
drop table <table_name>
- 修改表
1.修改字段类型:
2.增加表字段:
3.删除表字段:
4.字段改名:
5.修改字段排列顺序
6.修改表名:
DML语句:
- 插入记录
INSERT INTO <table_name> (field1, field2, ...)VALUES(val1, val2, ...),(val1', val2', ...),...
- 更新记录
UPDATE <table_name>SETfield1=val1, field2=val2, ...[WHERE] ...
- 删除记录
DELETE FROM <table_name>WHERE ...
- 查询记录
SELECT * FROM <table_name> WHERE ...(1)查询不重复的记录
SELECT DISTINCT field_name FROM <table_name>;(2)分页查询
SELECT * FROM <table_name> LIMIT <offset>, <pagesize>(3)聚合
SELECT (field1, field2, ...) func_name #表示某种聚合函数,如max, sum等FROM <table_name>[WHERE condition] #where条件语句, 分类前过滤[GROUP BY field1, field2, ... #分组语句[WITH ROLLUP]] #是否再汇总[HAVING condition] #对分类后再过滤(4)联合
SELECT * FROM table1UNION/UNION ALL #前者合并时做一次DISTINCT, 后者直接合并SELECT * FROM table2
DCL语句:
(1)授权:
GRANT [SELECT/UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE] on [DB.*/DB.<table>] TO '<username>'@'<host>' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';(2)回收授权:
REVOKE [SELECT/UPDATE/INSERT/DELETE] ON [DB.*/DB.<table>] FROM '<username>'@'<host>';不吝指正。

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