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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL的主从同步_MySQL

MySQL的主从同步是一个很成熟的架构,优点为: ①在从服务器可以执行查询工作(即我们常说的读功能),降低主服务器压力; ②在从主服务器进行备份,避免备份期间影响主服务器服务; ③当主服务器出现问题时,可以切换到从服务器。 所以我在项目部署和实施中经常会采用这种方案.
+ 数据库目录及其它 my.cnf配置文件     /etc/my.cnf mysql数据库位置    datadir=/var/lib/mysql
主数据库:192.168.2.119 从数据库:192.168.2.220 操作系统:RHEL5.x 32位 服务器类型: 虚拟机
+ mysql5.0.77 安装: ① 配置好linux的yum服务后,直接yum -y install mysql即可 附:安装php/mysql一条命令安装:yum -y install httpd php mysql mysql-server php-mysql
② 启动MySQL service mysqld start(restart|stop)

一、设置主库 1、修改主库my.cnf,主要是设置个不一样的id和logbin(#这部可依具体环境而定,压力大的化可采用huge.cnf) [root  @localhost  etc]#vi /etc/my.cnf # 记住这部分一定要配置在[mysqld]后面,否则无法找到从节点,各个配置项的含义可自己查阅文档 [mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=1 binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=cluster binlog-ignore-db=mysql
2、启动主库生效 [root  @localhost  etc]service mysqld restart
3、登陆主库 [root  @localhost  etc]mysql -u root -p
4、赋予从库权限帐号,允许用户在主库上读取日志 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to '用户名'@'%' identified by '密码'; 
5、检查创建是否成功 select user,host from mysql.user;
6、锁主库表  mysql> flush tables with read lock; 
7、显示主库信息 记录File和Position,从库设置将会用到 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 98   |              |                  |  +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 说明,如果执行这个步骤始终为Empty set(0.00 sec),那说明前面的my.cnf没配置对。
8、另开一个终端登陆220,打包主库迁移数据(如果你使用的yum安装,有默认数据库并未做任何改动,则不需要进行拷贝) 目的是为了保证两台服务器的mysql数据库一致,这里可以自行tar打包或者使用mysqldump命令备份恢复的方式进行。

二、设置从库 1、传输拿到主库包、解包 # 登陆从库 从上一步中备份的数据库恢复到220服务器节点上。
2、在119节点上解锁主库表(对应第一点设置主库中第6步锁主库表的操作)  mysql> unlock tables; 
3、在220节点上修改从库my.cnf(位置一样) [root  @localhost  etc]vi my.cnf  # 记住这部分一定要配置在[mysqld]后面,否则无法找到从节点,各个配置项的含义可自己查阅文档 [mysqld] log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=2 binlog-ignore-db=information_schema binlog-ignore-db=cluster binlog-ignore-db=mysql replicate-do-db=test replicate-ignore-db=mysql log-slave-updates slave-skip-errors=all slave-net-timeout=60
master-host=192.168.2.119 master-user=root master-password=pfingo
4、在220节点上验证连接主库 [root  @localhost  etc]mysql -h 192.168.2.119 -u 用户名 -p 
5、在220节点从库上设置同步 #设置连接MASTER MASTER_LOG_FILE为主库的File,MASTER_LOG_POS为主库的Position #注意下面第二条命令语句中的master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=98;对应为前面在主库中执行的show master status;结果 mysql> slave stop; mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.2.119',master_user='root',master_password='pfingo',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=98; mysql> slave start;
6、启动从库服务 mysql> slave start;
7、进行测试 在主库上的test库上建立名为myTest的表 mysql> CREATE TABLE `myTest` ( `id` INT( 5 ) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `username` VARCHAR( 20 ) NOT NULL , `password` CHAR( 32 ) NOT NULL , `last_update` DATETIME NOT NULL , `number` FLOAT( 10 ) NOT NULL , `content` TEXT NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM ;
在从表中马上看到了效果,主从同步成功了; 为了更进一步验证在从库上输入show slave status/G; mysql> show slave status/G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes(网络正常); Slave_SQL_Running: Yes(表结构正常)
进一步验证了以上过程的正确性。

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