一、备份
MySQL备份主要分为逻辑备份和物理备份;
在进行备份或恢复时需要考虑的因素:
1、确定要备份的表的存储引擎是事务型还是非事务型,两种不同的存储引擎备份方式在处理数据一致性方面是不太一样的。
2、确定使用全备份还是增量备份。全备份的优点是备份保持最新备份,恢复的时候可以花费更少的时间;缺点是如果数据量大,将会花费很多的时间,并对系统造成较长时间的压力。增量备份只需要备份每天的增量日志,备份时间少,对负载压力也小;缺点是恢复的时候需要全备份加上次备份到故障前的所有日志,恢复时间会长些。
3、可以考虑采取复制的方法来做异地备份,但是复制不能代替备份,它对数据库的误操作也无能为力。
4、要定期做备份,备份的周期要充分考虑系统可以承受的恢复时间。备份要在系统负载较小的时候进行。
5、确保MySQL打开log-bin选项,有了BINLOG,MySQL才可以在必要的时候做完整恢复,或基于时间点的恢复,或基于位置的恢复。
6、要经常做备份恢复测试,确保备份是有效的,并且是可以恢复的。

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