<?php //PDO链接mysql<br />//dsn三种写法://dsn01$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mysql';//$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mysql[;port=3306;charset=UTF8]';/** dsn02$dsn = 'uri:file://C:/xampp/htdocs/pdo/config.txt';config.txt :mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mysqllinux and windows are feasible$dsn = 'uri:file:///home/pdo/config.txt';*//** dsn03$dsn = 'mydb';php.ini里添加 : pdo.dsn.mydb='mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mysql'*/$user = 'root';$pwd = '';//如果试图连接到请求的数据库失败,则 PDO::__construct() 抛出一个 PDO异常(PDOException) 。 try{ $link = new PDO($dsn,$user,$pwd);}catch(PDOException $e){ echo 'Connection failed:'.$e->getMessage();}$userSet = $link->query('select * from user');print_r($userSet);
<?PHP //事务//开始一个事务,关闭自动提交 $dbh -> beginTransaction ();/* do something */ if(true){ /* 提交更改 */ $dbh -> commit ();}else{ /* 识别出错误并回滚更改 */ $dbh -> rollBack ();} /* 数据库连接现在返回到自动提交模式 *//** 注包括 MySQL 在内的一些数据库, 当在一个事务内有类似删除或创建数据表等 DDL 语句时,会自动导致一个隐式地提交。隐式地提交将无法回滚此事务范围内的任何更改。 更多见http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/implicit-commit.html*/
<?php /**预处理语句 PDOStatement 类PDO类返回PDOStatement实例的方法public PDOStatement prepare ( string $statement [, array $driver_options = array() ] )public PDOStatement query ( string $statement )*///bindParam 与 bindValue的区别?/* 使用 INOUT 参数调用一个存储过程 使用 PDO::PARAM_* 常量明确地指定参数的类型。要从一个存储过程中返回一个 INOUT 参数,需要为 data_type 参数使用按位或操作符去设置 PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT 位。 */ $colour = 'red' ; $sth = $dbh -> prepare ( 'CALL puree_fruit(?)' ); $sth -> bindParam ( 1 , $colour , PDO :: PARAM_STR | PDO :: PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT , 12 ); $sth -> execute (); print( "After pureeing fruit, the colour is: $colour " );
(未完待续...)

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB

MySQL/InnoDB supports four transaction isolation levels: ReadUncommitted, ReadCommitted, RepeatableRead and Serializable. 1.ReadUncommitted allows reading of uncommitted data, which may cause dirty reading. 2. ReadCommitted avoids dirty reading, but non-repeatable reading may occur. 3.RepeatableRead is the default level, avoiding dirty reading and non-repeatable reading, but phantom reading may occur. 4. Serializable avoids all concurrency problems but reduces concurrency. Choosing the appropriate isolation level requires balancing data consistency and performance requirements.

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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