一、数据的备份 1.mysqldump mysqldump -u user -h host -p dbname [tablename, [tablename...]] > filename.sql ■ 备份数据库中所有的表 → mysqldump -u root -p dbname > backup.sql ■ 备份数据库中某个表 → mysqldump -u root -p dbname tblname > backup.sql ■ 备份多个数据库 → mysqldump -u root -p --databases db1 db2 > backup.sql ■ 备份系统中所有的数据库 → mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > backup.sql 注: 如果在服务器上,且表均为MYISAM表,应考虑使用mysqlhotcopy ☆☆☆
二、数据的还原 1.mysql ■ mysql -u user -p [dbname]
三、表的导出 1.mysqldump → shell下 mysqldump -T path -u root -p dabname [tables] [opt] ■ 只有制定了-T才能到处纯文本文件,path表述导出数据的目录 ■ opt选项(同下类似) --fields-terminated-by=value --fields-enclosed-by=value
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=value --fields-escaped-by=value --line-terminated-by=value
注:value无需用‘’括起来
2.SELECT...INTO OUTFILE → 登陆mysql后 SELECT columunlist FROM tbl WHERE condition INTO OUTFILE 'filename' [OPT] ■ opt选项: FILEDS TERMINATED BY 'value' → 字段之间分隔符为value FILEDS [OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY 'value' → 字段包围字符为value FILEDS ESCAPED BY 'value' → 设置转义字符为value LINES STARTING BY 'value' → 设置每行开头字符为value LINES TERMINATED BY 'value' → 设置每行结尾字符为value 注:通过opt可调整导出的filename中数据显示的样式,很有用! ☆☆☆☆☆
3.mysql命令 → shell下 mysql -u root -p --execute="SELECT 语句" dbname > filename.txt ■ mysql -u root -p --execute="SELECT * FROM tbl;" db > output.txt ■ mysql -u root -p --vertical --execute="SELECT ..." > ... → 将每行记录分多行显示 ■ mysql -u root -p --html --execute="..." db > ... → 导出到html文件(或用--xml)
四、表的导入 1.LOAD DATA INFILE LOAD DATA INFILE ‘filename.txt’ INTO TABLE tbl [OPT] [IGNORE number LINES] ■ OPT选项 → 同 SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE 一致 ■ IGNORE number LINES → 忽略filename.txt的前number行
2.mysqlimport mysqlimport -u root -p daname filename.txt [OPT] ■ OPT选项 → 同mysqldump,但了一个--ignore-lines=n ,当然还有很多其他的

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL statements in MySQL for improving performance and simplifying complex operations. 1. Improve performance: After the first compilation, subsequent calls do not need to be recompiled. 2. Improve security: Restrict data table access through permission control. 3. Simplify complex operations: combine multiple SQL statements to simplify application layer logic.

The working principle of MySQL query cache is to store the results of SELECT query, and when the same query is executed again, the cached results are directly returned. 1) Query cache improves database reading performance and finds cached results through hash values. 2) Simple configuration, set query_cache_type and query_cache_size in MySQL configuration file. 3) Use the SQL_NO_CACHE keyword to disable the cache of specific queries. 4) In high-frequency update environments, query cache may cause performance bottlenecks and needs to be optimized for use through monitoring and adjustment of parameters.

The reasons why MySQL is widely used in various projects include: 1. High performance and scalability, supporting multiple storage engines; 2. Easy to use and maintain, simple configuration and rich tools; 3. Rich ecosystem, attracting a large number of community and third-party tool support; 4. Cross-platform support, suitable for multiple operating systems.

The steps for upgrading MySQL database include: 1. Backup the database, 2. Stop the current MySQL service, 3. Install the new version of MySQL, 4. Start the new version of MySQL service, 5. Recover the database. Compatibility issues are required during the upgrade process, and advanced tools such as PerconaToolkit can be used for testing and optimization.

MySQL backup policies include logical backup, physical backup, incremental backup, replication-based backup, and cloud backup. 1. Logical backup uses mysqldump to export database structure and data, which is suitable for small databases and version migrations. 2. Physical backups are fast and comprehensive by copying data files, but require database consistency. 3. Incremental backup uses binary logging to record changes, which is suitable for large databases. 4. Replication-based backup reduces the impact on the production system by backing up from the server. 5. Cloud backups such as AmazonRDS provide automation solutions, but costs and control need to be considered. When selecting a policy, database size, downtime tolerance, recovery time, and recovery point goals should be considered.

MySQLclusteringenhancesdatabaserobustnessandscalabilitybydistributingdataacrossmultiplenodes.ItusestheNDBenginefordatareplicationandfaulttolerance,ensuringhighavailability.Setupinvolvesconfiguringmanagement,data,andSQLnodes,withcarefulmonitoringandpe

Optimizing database schema design in MySQL can improve performance through the following steps: 1. Index optimization: Create indexes on common query columns, balancing the overhead of query and inserting updates. 2. Table structure optimization: Reduce data redundancy through normalization or anti-normalization and improve access efficiency. 3. Data type selection: Use appropriate data types, such as INT instead of VARCHAR, to reduce storage space. 4. Partitioning and sub-table: For large data volumes, use partitioning and sub-table to disperse data to improve query and maintenance efficiency.

TooptimizeMySQLperformance,followthesesteps:1)Implementproperindexingtospeedupqueries,2)UseEXPLAINtoanalyzeandoptimizequeryperformance,3)Adjustserverconfigurationsettingslikeinnodb_buffer_pool_sizeandmax_connections,4)Usepartitioningforlargetablestoi


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