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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMysql学习笔记数据库概念

LAMP

Linux Apache Mysql PHP 的缩写。

数据库的概念:

1广义上:数据的集合。

2.计算机中的数据库:数据库系统,是数据管理和数据库系统的组合。

DBS = DBMS + DB

Database System = 数据库管理系统(DBMS database manager system)+数据库(Database)    /*+ 数据库管理员*/

数据库:

大量数据集合的高效管理方案,按照数据结构来组织、管理。

关系型数据库系统:

建立在关系模型上的数据库系统。

关系模型:  1. 数据结构可以规定  2. 数据之间的关系可以设置。

SQL -- structured query language  结构化查询语言

创建数据库

createa database first_db;   // 必须有语句结束符,客户端要求

数据库不区分大小写,推荐用下划线命名方式,不用驼峰命名。

create database `1234`;  // 特殊字符串 注意用的是反引号。

create database `create`; // 关键字。建议在数据库名的时候加上反引号,保证正确解析。

create database `中文数据库名`;  // 中文也可以  但是不建议。在存储的时候库名是编码之后的字符。

每创建一个数据库,在库文件里会有一个opt文件(选项文件)。

查询数据库

show databases; //查看当前存在的数据库。

show create database db_name; //  查看数据库的创建语句。可以查看默认字符集。

drop database db_name; // 删除数据库,慎用。

Alter database db_name character set gbk; // 修改数据库的字符集。

数据库的改名问题:

1. 重命名 数据库的文件夹。

2. 将数据库内容全部导出,新建一个数据库,将内容导入,删除旧库。

3.创建一个新的数据库,将旧数据库内容的表,都移动(重命名)到新的数据库内,删除旧数据库。

创建表

use db_name; // 指明数据库,不影响操作其他的数据库。

create table tb_name(列结构)[表选项]

列定义:

列名 列的数据类型 [列的属性(约束)], // 多个列用' , '分割。

例如:

create table test.java_class ( // 点语法,用于指明表属于哪个数据库。

class_no varchar(20),  // varchar是字符串类型,是字符长度,不是字节长度。

date_start date  // 最后一个属性不能有 ' , '

);

表前缀:

show tables [like 'pattern']; // like pattern 的部分可选

show tables like 'exam_%'; // %是通配符

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