How to remotely verify SSH service configuration and policy through ssh_scan

Introduction

ssh_scan is an easy-to-use SSH service parameter configuration and policy scanner program for Linux and UNIX servers. Its ideas come from the Mozilla OpenSSH Security Guide. This guide provides a reliable security for SSH service parameter configuration. Recommendations for policy baselines, such as encryption algorithms (Ciphers), message authentication information code algorithms (MAC), key exchange algorithms (KexAlgos) and others.

ssh_scan has the following benefits:

• Its dependencies are minimized, ssh_scan only introduces local Ruby and BinData to perform its work, without too many dependencies.
• It is portable, you can use ssh_scan in other projects or use it for automated tasks.
• It is easy to use, simply point it to an SSH service and get a JSON-formatted report of the options and policy status supported by the service.
• It is also easy to configure, so you can create a strategy that suits your strategic needs.

Recommended reading: How to install and configure the OpenSSH service on Linux

How to install ssh_scan on Linux

There are three ways to install ssh_scan:

Use Ruby gem to install and run, as follows:

----------- 在 Debian/Ubuntu ----------- 
$ sudo apt-get install ruby gem
$ sudo gem install ssh_scan
----------- 在 CentOS/RHEL ----------- 
# yum install ruby rubygem
# gem install ssh_scan

Use docker container to run, as follows:

# docker pull mozilla/ssh_scan
# docker run -it mozilla/ssh_scan /app/bin/ssh_scan -t github.com

Use the source code to install and run, as follows:

# git clone https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan.git
# cd ssh_scan
# gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
# curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
# rvm install 2.3.1
# rvm use 2.3.1
# gem install bundler
# bundle install
# ./bin/ssh_scan

How to use ssh_scan on Linux

The syntax for using ssh_scan is as follows:

$ ssh_scan -t ip地址
$ ssh_scan -t 主机名

For example, to scan the SSH configuration and policy of this server 192.168.43.198, type:

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198

Note that you can also pass an [IP address/address range/host name] to the -t option as shown below:

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198,200,205
$ ssh_scan -t test.tecmint.lan

Output example:

I, [2017-05-09T10:36:17.913644 #7145]  INFO -- : You're using the latest version of ssh_scan 0.0.19
[
  {
    "ssh_scan_version": "0.0.19",
    "ip": "192.168.43.198",
    "port": 22,
    "server_banner": "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1",
    "ssh_version": 2.0,
    "os": "ubuntu",
    "os_cpe": "o:canonical:ubuntu:16.04",
    "ssh_lib": "openssh",
    "ssh_lib_cpe": "a:openssh:openssh:7.2p2",
    "cookie": "68b17bcca652eeaf153ed18877770a38",
    "key_algorithms": [
      "[email protected]",
      "ecdh-sha2-nistp256",
      "ecdh-sha2-nistp384",
      "ecdh-sha2-nistp521",
      "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256",
      "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"
    ],
    "server_host_key_algorithms": [
      "ssh-rsa",
      "rsa-sha2-512",
      "rsa-sha2-256",
      "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
      "ssh-ed25519"
    ],
    "encryption_algorithms_client_to_server": [
      "[email protected]",
      "aes128-ctr",
      "aes192-ctr",
      "aes256-ctr",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "encryption_algorithms_server_to_client": [
      "[email protected]",
      "aes128-ctr",
      "aes192-ctr",
      "aes256-ctr",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "mac_algorithms_client_to_server": [
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "hmac-sha2-256",
      "hmac-sha2-512",
      "hmac-sha1"
    ],
    "mac_algorithms_server_to_client": [
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "[email protected]",
      "hmac-sha2-256",
      "hmac-sha2-512",
      "hmac-sha1"
    ],
    "compression_algorithms_client_to_server": [
      "none",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "compression_algorithms_server_to_client": [
      "none",
      "[email protected]"
    ],
    "languages_client_to_server": [
    ],
    "languages_server_to_client": [
    ],
    "hostname": "tecmint",
    "auth_methods": [
      "publickey",
      "password"
    ],
    "fingerprints": {
      "rsa": {
        "known_bad": "false",
        "md5": "0e:d0:d7:11:f0:9b:f8:33:9c:ab:26:77:e5:66:9e:f4",
        "sha1": "fc:8d:d5:a1:bf:52:48:a6:7e:f9:a6:2f:af:ca:e2:f0:3a:9a:b7:fa",
        "sha256": "ff:00:b4:a4:40:05:19:27:7c:33:aa:db:a6:96:32:88:8e:bf:05:a1:81:c0:a4:a8:16:01:01:0b:20:37:81:11"
      }
    },
    "start_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:17 +0300",
    "end_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:18 +0300",
    "scan_duration_seconds": 0.221573169,
    "duplicate_host_key_ips": [
    ],
    "compliance": {
      "policy": "Mozilla Modern",
      "compliant": false,
      "recommendations": [
        "Remove these Key Exchange Algos: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1",
        "Remove these MAC Algos: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], hmac-sha1",
        "Remove these Authentication Methods: password"
      ],
      "references": [
        "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH"
      ]
    }
  }
]

You can use the -p option to specify different ports, the -L option to enable logging, and the -V option to specify the log level:

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -p 22222 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO

In addition, you can use the -P or --policy option to specify a policy file (the default is Mozilla Modern):

$ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO -P /path/to/custom/policy/file

ssh_scan usage help and other examples:

$ ssh_scan -h

Output example:

ssh_scan v0.0.17 (https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan)
Usage: ssh_scan [options]
-t, --target [IP/Range/Hostname] IP/Ranges/Hostname to scan
-f, --file [FilePath]            File Path of the file containing IP/Range/Hostnames to scan
-T, --timeout [seconds]          Timeout per connect after which ssh_scan gives up on the host
-L, --logger [Log File Path]     Enable logger
-O, --from_json [FilePath]       File to read JSON output from
-o, --output [FilePath]          File to write JSON output to
-p, --port [PORT]                Port (Default: 22)
-P, --policy [FILE]              Custom policy file (Default: Mozilla Modern)
--threads [NUMBER]           Number of worker threads (Default: 5)
--fingerprint-db [FILE]      File location of fingerprint database (Default: ./fingerprints.db)
--suppress-update-status     Do not check for updates
-u, --unit-test [FILE]           Throw appropriate exit codes based on compliance status
-V [STD_LOGGING_LEVEL],
--verbosity
-v, --version                    Display just version info
-h, --help                       Show this message
Examples:
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1
ssh_scan -t server.example.com
ssh_scan -t ::1
ssh_scan -t ::1 -T 5
ssh_scan -f hosts.txt
ssh_scan -o output.json
ssh_scan -O output.json -o rescan_output.json
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222 -L output.log -V INFO
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -P custom_policy.yml
ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 --unit-test -P custom_policy.yml

SSH server related reference reading:

1. Use SSH Keygen (ssh-keygen) in five steps to implement SSH password-free login
2. 5 Best Practices for a Secure SSH Server
3. Use Chroot to restrict SSH users from entering certain directories
4. How to configure an SSH connection to simplify remote login

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