New features released in PHP8 that you must know

PHP8 is released, you must know these new features!

On December 3, 2020, PHP8 was officially released, bringing many exciting changes and new features to the majority of PHP developers. This article introduces some of the most important new features and provides corresponding code examples.

1. JIT compiler

In PHP8, a new JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler is introduced. The JIT compiler can directly compile PHP code into local machine code, thereby speeding up program execution. The following is an example of using the JIT compiler:

<?php
$start = microtime(true);

for ($i = 0; $i < 1000000; $i++) {
    // Some code
}

$end = microtime(true);
$time = $end - $start;

echo "执行时间：{$time}秒";
?>

2. New type system

PHP8 introduces a new type system, including enhancements to static properties and parameter types. Developers can now declare specific types in method parameters and return values, improving code readability and maintainability. The following is an example of using the new type system:

<?php
class Calculator {
    public static function add(int $a, int $b): int {
        return $a + $b;
    }
}

$result = Calculator::add(2, 3);
echo "结果：{$result}";
?>

3. Union type

In addition to the basic types, PHP8 also introduces the Union type. Developers can now use multiple type selections for parameters and return values, increasing code flexibility. The following is an example of using the Union type:

<?php
function getDisplayName(string|int $name): string {
    if (is_string($name)) {
        return "姓名：{$name}";
    } else {
        return "编号：{$name}";
    }
}

$result = getDisplayName("张三");
echo "{$result}";

$result = getDisplayName(1001);
echo "{$result}";
?>

4. Match expression

PHP8 also adds a new Match expression, which is similar to the Switch statement, but more concise and intuitive . Match expressions can be used to quickly compare a value to multiple possible situations and return the appropriate result. The following is an example of using Match expressions:

<?php
function getGrade(int $score): string {
    return match (true) {
        $score >= 90 => "优秀",
        $score >= 80 => "良好",
        $score >= 70 => "中等",
        $score >= 60 => "及格",
        default => "不及格"
    };
}

$grade = getGrade(85);
echo "成绩：{$grade}";
?>

5. Attributes attribute

PHP8 introduces a new Attributes attribute syntax for more flexible attributes for classes, methods, Properties, etc. add metadata. Attributes attributes can be used to implement custom metadata tags, such as routing, permission control and other functions. The following is an example of using the Attributes attribute:

<?php
#[Route("/user/list")]
class UserController {
    #[Authorized]
    public function showList(): array {
        // Some code
    }
}
?>

In addition to the new features listed above, PHP8 also has better error handling, improved error reporting, and many other improvements. The new features of PHP8 and the advantages they bring will make PHP development more efficient and convenient.

Summary

This article introduces some important new features of PHP8 and provides corresponding code examples. If you are a PHP developer, you may wish to try these new features to improve your development efficiency and code quality. Let us look forward to more benefits and conveniences brought by PHP8!

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