执行GROUP BY子句的最一般的方法:先扫描整个表,然后创建一个新的临时表,表中每个组的所有行应为连续的,最后使用该临时表来找到组并应用聚集函数(如果有聚集函数)。在某些情况中,MySQL通过访问索引就可以得到结果,而不用创建临时表。此类查询的 EXPLAIN 输出显示 Extra列的值为 Using index for group-by。
一。 松散索引扫描
1.满足条件
查询针对一个表。
GROUP BY 使用索引的最左前缀。
只可以使用MIN()和MAX()聚集函数,并且它们均指向相同的列。
2.示例
表t1(c1,c2,c3,c4) 有一个索引 idx(c1,c2,c3):
SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1 GROUP BY c1, c2;SELECT DISTINCT c1, c2 FROM t1;SELECT c1, MIN(c2) FROM t1 GROUP BY c1;SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1 WHERE c1 < const GROUP BY c1, c2;SELECT MAX(c3), MIN(c3), c1, c2 FROM t1 WHERE c2 > const GROUP BY c1, c2;SELECT c2 FROM t1 WHERE c1 < const GROUP BY c1, c2;SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1 WHERE c3 = const GROUP BY c1, c2;
不满足条件示例:
1. 除了MIN()或MAX(),还有其它累积函数,例如:
SELECT c1, SUM(c2) FROM t1 GROUP BY c1;
2. GROUP BY子句中的域不引用索引开头,例如:
SELECT c1,c2 FROM t1 GROUP BY c2, c3;
3. 查询引用了GROUP BY 部分后面的关键字的一部分,并且没有等于常量的等式,例如:
SELECT c1,c3 FROM t1 GROUP BY c1, c2;
二。紧凑索引扫描
如果不满足松散索引扫描条件,执行GROUP BY仍然可以不用创建临时表。如果WHERE子句中有范围条件,该方法只读取满足这些条件的关键字。
否则,进行索引扫描。该方法读取由WHERE子句定义的范围。
1. GROUP BY 中有一个漏洞,但已经由条件c2 = 'a'覆盖。
SELECT c1,c2,c3 FROM t1 WHERE c2 = 'a' GROUP BY c1,c3;
2. GROUP BY 不是满足最左前缀,但是有一个条件提供该元素的常量:
SELECT c1,c2,c3 FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 'a' GROUP BY c2,c3;

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