Parsing common errors and solving matplotlib Chinese garbled problems

Title: Detailed explanation of how to fix common errors in matplotlib Chinese garbled characters

Text:

When using Matplotlib to draw charts, Chinese garbled characters are often encountered Issues such as labels, titles, and axis fonts in charts displaying incorrectly. This problem is mainly caused by the default font of Matplotlib not supporting Chinese characters. In this article, several common methods will be detailed to help solve this problem.

Method 1: Modify Matplotlib’s rcParams

Matplotlib provides an rcParams parameter that can be used to set the global font. We can specify fonts that support Chinese by modifying this parameter.

Generally speaking, we can choose a commonly used Chinese font, such as SimHei, STSong, Microsoft YaHei, etc. Before modifying rcParams, we need to determine the installation path of these fonts in the system. You can view it through the following code:

import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
fonts = fm.fontManager.ttflist
for font in fonts:
    print(font.name, font.fname)

Select the name of a font, such as "SimHei", and copy its full path. Then before drawing the chart, use the following code to set the rcParams parameters:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']

Method 2: Use a custom font file

If there is no suitable Chinese font in the system, we can also download the corresponding font file and add it to Matplotlib's fonts directory.

First, download the font file from the appropriate resource website, such as "SimHei.ttf". Then, find the font directory of Matplotlib, which can be found by using the following code:

import matplotlib as mpl
print(mpl.get_cachedir())

Copy the font file to this directory, and then use the following code to register the custom font before drawing the chart:

import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
fm.fontManager.addfont('/path/to/SimHei.ttf')

Next, set the rcParams parameters to use the font:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']

Method 3: Use the system font

If there is already a suitable Chinese font in the system, we can directly use the system font to draw chart.

First, check the fonts installed on the system through the following code:

import matplotlib.font_manager as fm
fonts = fm.fontManager.ttflist
for font in fonts:
    print(font.name)

Select a font name, such as "Microsoft Yahei", and then use the following code to set the rcParams parameters before drawing the chart :

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['微软雅黑']

In this way, you can use the system font to display Chinese normally.

It should be noted that the above methods may be slightly different on Mac and Linux systems. The specific situation can be adjusted accordingly according to the different systems.

After fixing the Chinese garbled problem, we can use Chinese characters in Matplotlib normally. The following is a simple sample code to draw a line chart with Chinese titles and labels:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
plt.plot(x, y)

plt.title('中文标题')
plt.xlabel('横轴')
plt.ylabel('纵轴')

plt.show()

Through the above method, we can easily solve the problem of Chinese garbled characters in Matplotlib and make our charts more beautiful and easy to read. . At the same time, it also enables us to better apply Matplotlib for data visualization work.

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