Explain语法
EXPLAIN SELECT ……变体:<strong>1</strong>. EXPLAIN EXTENDED SELECT ……将执行计划“反编译”成SELECT语句,运行SHOW WARNINGS 可得到被MySQL优化器优化后的查询语句 <strong>2</strong>. EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT ……用于分区表的EXPLAIN
执行计划包含的信息
id
包含一组数字,表示查询中执行select子句或操作表的顺序
id相同,执行顺序由上至下
如果是子查询,id的序号会递增,id值越大优先级越高,越先被执行
id如果相同,可以认为是一组,从上往下顺序执行;在所有组中,id值越大,优先级越高,越先执行
select_type
表示查询中每个select子句的类型(简单 OR复杂)type
表示MySQL在表中找到所需行的方式,又称“访问类型”,常见类型如下:range访问类型的不同形式的索引访问性能差异
d.ref:非唯一性索引扫描,返回匹配某个单独值的所有行。常见于使用非唯一索引即唯一索引的非唯一前缀进行的查找
possible_keys
指出MySQL能使用哪个索引在表中找到行,查询涉及到的字段上若存在索引,则该索引将被列出,但不一定被查询使用key
显示MySQL在查询中实际使用的索引,若没有使用索引,显示为NULLTIPS:查询中若使用了覆盖索引,则该索引仅出现在key列表中
key_len
表示索引中使用的字节数,可通过该列计算查询中使用的索引的长度
ref
表示上述表的连接匹配条件,即哪些列或常量被用于查找索引列上的值
Extra
包含不适合在其他列中显示但十分重要的额外信息 a.Using index 该值表示相应的select操作中使用了覆盖索引(Covering Index)TIPS:覆盖索引(Covering Index) MySQL可以利用索引返回select列表中的字段,而不必根据索引再次读取数据文件 包含所有满足查询需要的数据的索引称为 覆盖索引(Covering Index) 注意:如果要使用覆盖索引,一定要注意select列表中只取出需要的列,不可select *,因为如果将所有字段一起做索引会导致索引文件过大,查询性能下降 b.Using where 表示MySQL服务器在存储引擎受到记录后进行“后过滤”(Post-filter),如果查询未能使用索引,Using where的作用只是提醒我们MySQL将用where子句来过滤结果集
c.Using temporary 表示MySQL需要使用临时表来存储结果集,常见于排序和分组查询
d.Using filesort MySQL中无法利用索引完成的排序操作称为“文件排序”
MySQL执行计划的局限
EXPLAIN不会告诉你关于触发器、存储过程的信息或用户自定义函数对查询的影响情况EXPLAIN不考虑各种CacheEXPLAIN不能显示MySQL在执行查询时所作的优化工作部分统计信息是估算的,并非精确值EXPALIN只能解释SELECT操作,其他操作要重写为SELECT后查看执行计划最后
本文是我从简朝阳推荐的ppt转换为网页版的,原ppt下载:下载地址
原文链接 http://isky000.com/database/mysql-explain-detail

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