网上看到一个读写分离的帖子,感觉不错!!
构建高性能web之路------mysql读写分离实战(转)
一个完整的mysql读写分离环境包括以下几个部分:
应用程序client
database proxy
database集群
在本次实战中,应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略,采用开源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示:
实战步骤与详解
一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境
1)分别在host1(10.20.147.110)和host2(10.20.147.111)上安装mysql(5.0.45),具体安装方法可见官方文档
2)配置master
首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication
server-id=1 #master的标示
binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具体数据库
然后添加专门用于replication的用户:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@10.20.147.111 IDENTIFIED BY '111111';
重启mysql,使得配置生效:
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
最后查看master状态:
3)配置slave
首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
server-id=2 #slave的标示
配置生效后,配置与master的连接:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110',
-> MASTER_USER='repl',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;
其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息
最后启动slave:
mysql> start slave;
4)验证master-slave搭建生效
通过查看slave机的log(/var/log/mysqld.log):
100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'repl@10.20.147.110:3306', replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261
如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功,如果有问题也可通过此log找原因
二.搭建database proxy
此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ,它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档,不在此详述
1)安装amoeba
下载amoeba(1.2.0-GA)后解压到本地(D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA),即完成安装
2)配置amoeba
先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息(D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/amoeba.xml):
以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置
以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息,具体配置见注释很明白了
最后配置读写分离策略:
从以上配置不然发现,写操作路由到server1(master),读操作路由到server2(slave)
3)启动amoeba
在命令行里运行D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/amoeba.bat即可:
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/log4j.xml
log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf
2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试
1)编写client调用程序
具体程序细节就不详述了,只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序
2)配置数据库连接
本client基于c3p0,具体数据源配置如下:
destroy-method="close">
值得注意是,client端只需连到proxy,与实际的数据库没有任何关系,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息
3)调用与测试
首先插入一条数据:insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 11:58:42 1 Query set names latin1
1 Query SET NAMES latin1
1 Query SET character_set_results = NULL
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES
1 Query SHOW COLLATION
1 Query SET autocommit=1
1 Query SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES'
1 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation'
1 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT'
1 Prepare [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
1 Prepare [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?)
1 Execute [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知写操作发生在master机上
通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 11:58:42 2 Query insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知slave同步执行了这条语句
然后查一条数据:select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 12:02:00 33 Query set names latin1
33 Prepare [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
33 Prepare [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ?
33 Execute [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
得知读操作发生在slave机上
并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行
通过以上验证得知简单的master-slave搭建和实战得以生效

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