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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMysql存储引擎特性总结_MySQL

几个常用存储引擎的特点

下面我们重点介绍几种常用的存储引擎并对比各个存储引擎之间的区别和推荐使用方式。

特点 Myisam BDB Memory InnoDB Archive
存储限制 没有 没有 64TB 没有
事务安全   支持   支持  
锁机制 表锁 页锁 表锁 行锁 行锁
B树索引 支持 支持 支持 支持  
哈希索引     支持 支持  
全文索引 支持        
集群索引       支持  
数据缓存     支持 支持  
索引缓存 支持   支持 支持  
数据可压缩 支持       支持
空间使用 N/A 非常低
内存使用 中等
批量插入的速度 非常高
支持外键       支持  

最常使用的2种存储引擎:

•Myisam是Mysql的默认存储引擎。当create创建新表时,未指定新表的存储引擎时,默认使用Myisam。每个MyISAM在磁盘上存储成三个文件。文件名都和表名相同,扩展名分别是.frm(存储表定义)、.MYD (MYData,存储数据)、.MYI (MYIndex,存储索引)。数据文件和索引文件可以放置在不同的目录,平均分布io,获得更快的速度。

•InnoDB存储引擎提供了具有提交、回滚和崩溃恢复能力的事务安全。但是对比Myisam的存储引擎,InnoDB写的处理效率差一些并且会占用更多的磁盘空间以保留数据和索引。

如何选择合适的存储引擎

选择标准:根据应用特点选择合适的存储引擎,对于复杂的应用系统可以根据实际情况选择多种存储引擎进行组合。

下面是常用存储引擎的适用环境:

1.MyISAM:默认的MySQL插件式存储引擎,它是在Web、数据仓储和其他应用环境下最常使用的存储引擎之一

2.InnoDB:用于事务处理应用程序,具有众多特性,包括ACID事务支持。

3.Memory:将所有数据保存在RAM中,在需要快速查找引用和其他类似数据的环境下,可提供极快的访问。

4.Merge:允许MySQL DBA或开发人员将一系列等同的MyISAM表以逻辑方式组合在一起,并作为1个对象引用它们。对于诸如数据仓储等VLDB环境十分适合。


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