Teach you how to play with CSS3 3D technology

3D start with css3

To play with 3D in CSS3, you must understand a few words, namely perspective (perspective), rotation (rotate) and movement (translate ). Perspective is to look at 2D things on the screen from a realistic perspective to show the 3D effect. Rotation is no longer a rotation on a 2D plane, but a rotation of a three-dimensional coordinate system, including X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis rotation. TranslationSimilarly.

Of course I will explain it theoretically, but I guess you still don’t understand it. Below are 3 gifs:

• Rotate along the X axis
  
• Rotate along the Y axis
  
• Rotate along the Z axis
  

Rotation should be no problem, then it will be easier to understand translation, which is moving on the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis.

You may say that perspective is difficult to understand. Let me introduce several properties of perspective.

perspective

perspectiveThe English name is perspective. Without this thing, there is no way to create a 3D effect. But how does this thing allow our browser to create a 3D effect? ​​You can look at the picture below to learn how to do it. Those who have done painting should know the perspective relationship, and this is the truth here.

But it has a numerical value in css, for example perspective: 1000pxWhat does this mean? We can understand it this way, if we look directly at an object, the object will be super large and occupy our line of sight. As we get farther and farther away from it, it will become smaller, and the three-dimensional feeling will come out, right? In fact, this numerical structure By determining the distance between our eyes and the screen, a virtual 3D illusion is constructed.

perspective-origin

From the above we understand perspective, and add this origin. What we mentioned earlier is the distance between the eye and the object, and this is the line of sight of the eye. The different positions of our viewpoint determine the different scenes we see. The default is the center, which is perspectice-origin: 50% 50%. The first value is the X-axis on which the 3D element is based. Two positions defined on the y-axis

When the perspective-origin attribute is defined for an element, its child elements will get the perspective effect, not the element itself. Must be used with the perspective attribute, and only affects 3D transform elements. (W3school)

transform-style

perspectiveHere it comes again, yes, it is the key to 3D in css, transform-styleThe default is flat, if you want to For 3D line of sight effects, you must use transform-style: preserve-3d, otherwise it will only be a plane transformation, not a 3D transformation

Take you step by step to play with css3-3d

Above we have a little understanding of the concept, let’s start the actual practice!

Let’s take a look at an effect, isn’t it cool~

If the image cannot be loaded, please visit https://bupt-hjm.github.io/css3-3d/ directly. If you think it is possible, remember to star it hh

Step one: html structure

A very simple container wraps a piece-box containing 6 piece

<div class="container">
    <div class="piece-box">
        <div class="piece piece-1"></div>
        <div class="piece piece-2"></div>
        <div class="piece piece-3"></div>
        <div class="piece piece-4"></div>
        <div class="piece piece-5"></div>
        <div class="piece piece-6"></div>
    </div>
</div>

Step 2: Add necessary 3D attributes and enter the 3D world

Through the above explanation, you should be familiar with perspective,

/*容器*/
.container {
    -webkit-perspective: 1000px;
    -moz-perspective: 1000px;
    -ms-perspective: 1000px;
    perspective: 1000px;
}
/*piece盒子*/
 .piece-box {
        perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
        -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
        -moz-transform-style: preserve-3d;
        -ms-transform-style: preserve-3d;
        transform-style: preserve-3d;
}

Step 3: Add necessary styles

/*容器*/
.container {
    -webkit-perspective: 1000px;
    -moz-perspective: 1000px;
    -ms-perspective: 1000px;
    perspective: 1000px;
}
/*piece盒子*/
.piece-box {
    position: relative;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    margin: 300px auto;
    perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
    -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    -moz-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    -ms-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
}
/*piece通用样式*/
.piece {
    position: absolute;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    background: red;
    opacity: 0.5;

}
.piece-1 {
    background: #FF6666;

}
.piece-2 {
    background: #FFFF00;
}
.piece-3 {
    background: #006699;
}
.piece-4 {
    background: #009999;
}
.piece-5 {
    background: #FF0033;
}
.piece-6 {
    background: #FF6600;
}

Of course, after you complete this step, you still only see a square, which is our piece-6, because our 3Dtransform has not started yet

Step 4: 3D transformation is coming

The first step is to implement the revolving lantern. Let’s not let it go first and implement the light part first.

How to achieve it? Because we need to form a circle, the circle is 360 degrees, and we have 6 pieces. Then, it is easy to think that we need to rotateY for each piece in increments of 60 degrees, which becomes the following

How do you pull them away from the center?

We also need to pay attention here. After we rotate the element around the Y axis, the X and Z axes will also rotate accordingly. Therefore, the vertical line of each face of the cube is still the Z axis. We only need to change Lower the value of translateZ, and when translateZ is positive, it will move towards our direction, so that it can be opened

But how to measure the distance?

Is it clear at a glance~

Let’s modify the css

.piece-1 {
    background: #FF6666;
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -o-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);

}
.piece-2 {
    background: #FFFF00;
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(60deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -ms-transform: rotateY(60deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -o-transform: rotateY(60deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    transform: rotateY(60deg) translateZ(173.2px);
}
.piece-3 {
    background: #006699;
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(120deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -ms-transform: rotateY(120deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -o-transform: rotateY(120deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    transform: rotateY(120deg) translateZ(173.2px);
}
.piece-4 {
    background: #009999;
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -ms-transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -o-transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    transform: rotateY(180deg) translateZ(173.2px);
}
.piece-5 {
    background: #FF0033;
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(240deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -ms-transform: rotateY(240deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -o-transform: rotateY(240deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    transform: rotateY(240deg) translateZ(173.2px);
}
.piece-6 {
    background: #FF6600;
    -webkit-transform: rotateY(300deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -ms-transform: rotateY(300deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    -o-transform: rotateY(300deg) translateZ(173.2px);
    transform: rotateY(300deg) translateZ(173.2px);
}

Has the revolving door been implemented?

第五步：animation让3D动起来

要实现走马灯动，其实很简单，我们只要在piece-box上加上旋转动画就行了,5s完成动画，从0度旋转到360度

/*piece盒子*/
.piece-box {
    position: relative;
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    margin: 300px auto;
    perspective-origin: 50% 50%;
    -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    -moz-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    -ms-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
    animation: pieceRotate 5s;
    -moz-animation: pieceRotate 5s; /* Firefox */
    -webkit-animation: pieceRotate 5s; /* Safari and Chrome */
    -o-animation: pieceRotate 5s ; /* Opera */
}
/*走马灯动画*/
@keyframes pieceRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        transform: rotateY(0deg);}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        transform: rotateY(360deg);}
}
/* Firefox */
@-moz-keyframes pieceRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        transform: rotateY(0deg);}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        transform: rotateY(360deg);}
}
/* Safari and Chrome */
@-webkit-keyframes pieceRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        transform: rotateY(0deg);}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        transform: rotateY(360deg);}
}
/* Opera */
@-o-keyframes pieceRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(0deg);
        transform: rotateY(0deg);}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -ms-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        -o-transform: rotateY(360deg);
        transform: rotateY(360deg);}
}

这里就不放gif了~hhh是不是实现了酷炫的效果，还没结束哦~更酷炫的正方体组装

正方体，其实也不难实现，我这里就不很详细说了，你首先可以想象一个面，然后去拓展其他面如何去实现，比如我们把正方体的前面translateZ(100px）让它靠近我们100px,然后后面translateZ(-100px）让它远离我们100px,左边是先translateX(-100px再rotateY(90deg),右边就是translateX(100px)再rotateY(90deg),上面是先translateY(-100px)，rotateX(90deg)，下面是先translateY(100px)，rotateX(90deg)，只要我们写进动画，一切就大功告成。

css就为如下，以下就只放piece1，其他读者可以自己类比实现，或者看我github的源码

.piece-1 {
     background: #FF6666;
     -webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     animation: piece1Rotate 5s 5s;
     -moz-animation: piece1Rotate 5s 5s; /* Firefox */
     -webkit-animation: piece1Rotate 5s 5s; /* Safari and Chrome */
     -o-animation: piece1Rotate 5s 5s; /* Opera */
     -webkit-animation-fill-mode: forwards; /* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
      animation-fill-mode: forwards;
 }
/*front*/
 @keyframes piece1Rotate
 {
 0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);}
 100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     -ms-transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);}
 }
 /* Firefox */
 @-moz-keyframes piece1Rotate
 {
 0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);}
 100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     -ms-transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);}
 }
 /* Safari and Chrome */
 @-webkit-keyframes piece1Rotate
 {
 0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);}
 100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     -ms-transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);}
 }
 /* Opera */
 @-o-keyframes piece1Rotate
 {
 0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -ms-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);
     transform: rotateY(0deg) translateZ(173.2px);}
 100% {-webkit-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     -ms-transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);
     -o-transform: rotateY(0deg)  translateZ(100px);
     transform:  rotateY(0deg) translateZ(100px);}
 }

细心的读者可以发现我用了一个animation-fill-mode: forwards;,这个其实就是让这些piece保持动画最后的效果，也就是正方体的效果，读者可以不加试试看，那还是会恢复原样。

最后就是正方体的旋转了，前面我们的容器已经用过animation了,读者可能会想我再加个class放animaiton不就行了，hhh，animaiton会覆盖掉前面的，那前面的走马灯的动画就没了，所以在html结构中，我再加了一个box包裹piece, 如下

<div class="container">
    <div class="piece-box">
        <div class="piece-box2"><!--新加的容器-->
            <div class="piece piece-1"></div>
            <div class="piece piece-2"></div>
            <div class="piece piece-3"></div>
            <div class="piece piece-4"></div>
            <div class="piece piece-5"></div>
            <div class="piece piece-6"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

在动画上我们可以控制正方体动画的延时时间，就是等到正方体组装完成后再开始动画

animation: boxRotate 5s 10s infinite;第一个5s是动画时长，第二个10s是延时时间，然后我们让正方体的旋转，绕X轴从0度到360度,绕Y轴也0到Y轴360度。

.piece-box2 {
    -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    -moz-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    -ms-transform-style: preserve-3d;
    transform-style: preserve-3d;
    animation: boxRotate 5s 10s infinite;
    -moz-animation: boxRotate 5s 10s infinite; /* Firefox */
    -webkit-animation: boxRotate 5s 10s infinite; /* Safari and Chrome */
    -o-animation: boxRotate 5s 10s infinite; /* Opera */
}
/*正方体旋转动画*/
@keyframes boxRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -ms-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -o-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -ms-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -o-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);}
}
/* Firefox */
@-moz-keyframes boxRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -ms-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -o-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -ms-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -o-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);}
}
/* Safari and Chrome */
@-webkit-keyframes boxRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -ms-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -o-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -ms-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -o-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);}
}
/* Opera */
@-o-keyframes boxRotate
{
0%   {-webkit-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -ms-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    -o-transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););
    transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg););}
100% {-webkit-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -ms-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    -o-transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);
    transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg);}
}

最后效果，大功告成！

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